Eficiência do fungicida carboxin + thiram no tratamento de sementes de amendoim

Abstract

RESUMO -O tratamento de sementes com fungicida é um seguro de baixo custo para os produtores de sementes e plantadores de amendoim. O uso de fungicidas adequados pode contribuir para o melhor desempenho do material de propagação, proporcionando maiores rendimentos na colheita. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência do fungicida carboxin + thiram e a viabilidade do uso de óleo vegetal e de surfactante à base de organosilicone como agentes veiculadores do fungicida, no controle de fungos associados às sementes de amendoim. Foram comparadas duas doses de carboxin + thiram (50 + 50 e 70 + 70 g.i.a./100 kg de sementes) em mistura com água e a dose de 50 + 50 g.i.a./100 kg de sementes em mistura com os agentes veiculadores, avaliando-se os efeitos na germinação e vigor das sementes e estabelecimento da cultura no campo. Verificou-se que o principal efeito benéfico dos tratamentos é a redução significativa de sementes mortas e/ou da ocorrência de "damping-off" de pré-emergência. Independentemente da dose, o fungicida associado à água, proporciona controle eficiente dos patógenos presentes nas sementes, exceto no caso de Rhizopus sp. O óleo vegetal e o surfactante proporcionam melhor cobertura e aderência do fungicida às sementes, aumentando a eficiência do mesmo no controle de Aspergillus spp. e de Penicillium sp. Não se constata efeito fitotóxico do fungicida e dos agentes veiculadores sobre as sementes de amendoim.Termos para indexação: Arachis hypogaea, óleo vegetal, surfactante, germinação, vigor. EFICIENCY OF THE FUNGICIDE CARBOXIN + THIRAM IN PEANUT SEED TREATMENTABSTRACT -Fungicide seed treatment is a cheap insurance for peanut seed producers and growers. Correct fungicide use can contribute to better performance of the propagation material, increasing the yield. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of carboxin + thiram and the viability of the use of vegetable oil and an organo-sillicone based surphactant as fungicide vehicle for seed-borne fungi control. Two doses of carboxin + thiram (50 + 50 and 70 +70 g a.i./100 kg seeds) prepared in water, plus one dose ( 50 + 50 g a.i./100 kg ) mixed with the vegetable oil and the surphactant were tested. The evaluation was based on seed germination and vigour and further field establishment of the crop. It was verified that the most important benefits of seed treatment were the significative reduction of dead seeds and the pre-emergence damping-off. Both

Damage caused by fungi and insects to stored peanut seeds before processing

“…However, the germination rate of the seeds in the test of seedling emergence in sand was higher than it was in the germination test. These results are consistent with other studies performed with peanut (Bittencourt et al 2007) and soybean seeds (Schuab et al 2006). The humidity and temperature conditions in the germination test and the proximity between seeds on the toweling rolls may create a favorable "microclimate" for the proliferation of several microorganisms, thus negatively affecting seed germination.…”

Germination, vigor and pathogen incidence in broccoli seed treated with Carboxin + Thiran

“…As to Carboxin + Thiram doses, there were no differences for all traits (Table 2), both by analysis of variance (F test) and by Tukey test, and both at 5% probability, which demonstrates that fungicide did not affect the seed quality, regardless of lot. Bittencourt et al (2007) found no phytotoxic effect of this fungicide on peanut seed, and observed a greater emergence of treated seeds against the untreated control, because the fungicides reduced the incidence of "damping-off" caused by fungi in seeds and in the soil. Similar results were reported by Arsego et al (2006) and Lobo (2008) with rice, and by Tropaldi et al (2010) and Santos et al (2012) with castor seed treated with this fungicide.…”

“…There are studies assessing the effects of this fungicide on seed physiological quality of cotton (Faria et al, 2003), castor plant (Tropaldi et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2012), peanuts (Bittencourt et al, 2007), rice (Schuch et al, 2006;Lobo, 2008;Morales et al, 2012), maize (Fessel et al, 2003), safflower , and wheat (Marini et al, 2011), among other species. However, no research on vegetables was found that studied the fungicide effect on seed quality.…”

The effect of a fungicide treatment on the physiological potential of rice seeds after storage

“…However, according to Bittencourt et al (2007), fungicides (carboxin + thiram) provides greater protection to the seed, against the microorganisms present in the soil and the seed itself, especially when exposed to unfavorable conditions for their development, and also during storage. Means followed by the same upper case letter in line and lower case in column do not differ according to Tukey test at 5% probability.…”