Volatile compounds in noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) at two ripening stages

Pino, Jorge A.; Márquez, Eliosbel; Quijano, Clara E.; Castro, Deborah

doi:10.1590/s0101-20612010000100028

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…However, the mixed sex results for lines exhibiting high tolerance to M. citrifolia were driven by tolerance of the females (i.e., the males showed lower tolerance levels). Unfortunately, we do not know the concentration of OA in either the actual vapor of the OA assay or in the fruit itself (there is considerable variation among fruits and across ripening stages; Legal et al 1992;Pino et al 2010). Also, it is likely the fruit has a higher concentration of OA than the maximum our pump can produce.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…M. citrifolia contains octanoic acid (OA) (Legal et al 1994), which is a fatty acid that is toxic to D. simulans and other insects but tolerated by D. sechellia (Rkha et al 1991). OA typically comprises 58% of the volatile chemicals in a ripe M. citrifolia (Farine et al 1996;Pino et al 2010), which makes it the main toxic component of the fruit. D. sechellia also prefers M. citrifolia over other fruit for consumption and oviposition (Rkha et al 1991;Legal et al 1992;Matsuo et al 2007).…”

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A Locus in Drosophila sechellia Affecting Tolerance of a Host Plant Toxin

et al. 2013

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Many insects feed on only one or a few types of host. These host specialists often evolve a preference for chemical cues emanating from their host and develop mechanisms for circumventing their host's defenses. Adaptations like these are central to evolutionary biology, yet our understanding of their genetics remains incomplete. Drosophila sechellia, an emerging model for the genetics of host specialization, is an island endemic that has adapted to chemical toxins present in the fruit of its host plant, Morinda citrifolia. Its sibling species, D. simulans, and many other Drosophila species do not tolerate these toxins and avoid the fruit. Earlier work found a region with a strong effect on tolerance to the major toxin, octanoic acid, on chromosome arm 3R. Using a novel assay, we narrowed this region to a small span near the centromere containing 18 genes, including three odorant binding proteins. It has been hypothesized that the evolution of host specialization is facilitated by genetic linkage between alleles contributing to host preference and alleles contributing to host usage, such as tolerance to secondary compounds. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the effect of this tolerance locus on host preference behavior. Our data were inconsistent with the linkage hypothesis, as flies bearing this tolerance region showed no increase in preference for media containing M. citrifolia toxins, which D. sechellia prefers. Thus, in contrast to some models for host preference, preference and tolerance are not tightly linked at this locus nor is increased tolerance per se sufficient to change preference. Our data are consistent with the previously proposed model that the evolution of D. sechellia as a M. citrifolia specialist occurred through a stepwise loss of aversion and gain of tolerance to M. citrifolia's toxins. HALF of all insects interact with plants (Grimaldi and Engel 2005). Most phytophageous insects, however, use only a few plant genera for food, mating, and oviposition (Bernays and Chapman 1994). Changes in host use can result in both new species and new adaptations (Ehrlich and Raven 1964;Janz 2011). For example, the evolution of a new host specialization may have contributed to the formation of new species in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon) among others (Via 2001;Matsubayashi et al. 2010). Adapting to a new host can drive genetic and phenotypic change that is critical for isolating nascent species. In some cases, specialization has a price: Increased performance on the new host correlates with reduced performance on other hosts (Futuyma and Moreno 1988;Jaenike 1990;Fry et al. 1996;Scheirs et al. 2005; Via and Hawthorne 2005). This scenario poses a new challenge for the nascent specialist, as it must keep together alleles for finding and selecting the appropriate host ("preference") along with those for utilizing that host ("performance," e.g., physiologically adapting to that host's secondary compounds or nutritional content; Jaenike 1990; Janz 2011). Theory suggests that a genetic correlation betwe...

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A Locus in Drosophila sechellia Affecting Tolerance of a Host Plant Toxin

et al. 2013

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Section: Gc-qms Analysismentioning

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“…Shami 32 analyzed methanol extracts via GC-MS and obtained the acids 1-butanoic (19.06%), butyric (8.49%), propanoic (14.85%) and carbamimidic (6.03%), beside others like N-acetylisoxazolidine (10.15%), 1,3-propanediol (6.61%), 4,5-octanediol (2.22%), 1,3-oxazine (0.64%) and semicarbazone (0.64%). Pino et al 33 analyzed the fruit in different stages, identified and isolated two main compounds (octanoic acid and hexanoic acid), through the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique via headspace.The hexane extract showed the highest percentage of vitamin E (7.7%) and a distribution of various hydrocarbons in concentrations ranging from 3 to 8%, totaling 70.4% of the total area. Hexane was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of vitamin E, while ethanol was more efficient for acidic compounds (octanoic acid, 25%), confirming the previous statement about the influence of the extracting solvent on the quality of the obtained extract.…”

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Ultrasonic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L.: Characterization of Volatile Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Lima¹,

Santos²,

Celestino³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Morinda citrifolia (noni) is found in the Atlantic and Amazonian Forest in Brazil and with recognized uses in folk medicine. However, few studies exist in its chemical characterization. The present work aims to investigate the efficiency of the sonication for extracting bioactive compounds from fruits and leaves of noni, using an experimental design of 2 3 , whose variables were time, temperature and mass of the plant. Parallel extractions were performed using two extraction solvents (hexane and ethanol) and the same experimental design. The compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The independent variable was the mass yield and all the variables studied in the sonication process were significant (p < 0.05%) for the process. Ethanol was more effective than hexane and the leaves produced higher yield and diversity of compounds than fruits. Vitamin E (tocopherol), octanoic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, phytol and squalene were the main compounds identified. Keywords: Morinda citrifolia L., sonication, gas chromatography, GC-MS, tocopherols IntroductionMorinda citrifolia Linn. (noni) is natural from Hawaii and Tahiti and belongs to the Rubiacea Juss. family. Noni has a pantropical distribution and a capacity of growth in several kinds of soils and in all seasons.1,2 More than 160 phytochemical compounds were already described as constituents of noni extracts (by maceration and Soxhlet). [1][2][3][4] Phytochemical compounds are normally present in plants as secondary metabolites and they are responsible for plants growth and protection against oxidation and plagues. 5 Many methodologies have been developed worldwide for characterizing different natural compounds aiming to identify and quantify the bioactive ones, indicating their application in food or phytomedicine. [6][7][8] The amount and quality of extracts are strongly associated to the extraction technique applied. Sonication, or ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), is a physical procedure that uses the energy of ultrasound waves for producing variations on the liquid pressure, generating the cavitation process and promoting the extraction.9 UAE is one of the most efficient extraction techniques due to its intense interaction between solid (plant) and liquid (solvent) phases. [8][9][10][11] Sonication has some advantages over other extraction techniques such as the low cost, simplicity, efficiency, reproducibility and the applicability for a high range of samples. 8,[10][11][12] The implosion of bubbles generated by cavitation releases heat and increases turbulence on the liquid, causing the disruption of the plant cells, allowing the diffusion of the solvent into the matrix. Therefore, this process increases the solubility of the analytes, which will also enhance the Lima et al. 133 Vol. 30, No. 1, 2019 extraction efficiency. 13,14 The extracts are normally analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 8,15 Among the phytotherapeutic effects of noni, it is possible to highlight the anti-inflammatory, ana...

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“…Two unsaturated esters, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl hexanoate and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl octanoate significantly decreased in their concentrations in the ripe to over-ripe fruits. 17 Noni blossoms are found to contain iridoids and flavonoids as major phytochemicals. 18 It has also been reported that the volatile components viz.…”

Section: Ethnobotanical Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits of Morinda citrifolia (Noni): A Review

Ali¹,

Kenganora²,

Manjula³

2016

Phcogj

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Background: Morinda citrifolia (Noni) has been used widely as a comple mentary and alternative therapy in many countries owing to its potent anti oxidant activity and proven health benefits. Traditionally, it finds used as a therapeutic remedy to various diseases as an antibacterial, antitumor, anthelminthic, analgesic, anti inflammatory, immunostimulant. Also it has proved beneficial in conditions like gastritis, skin diseases, respiratory infections, menstrual and urinary tract disorders, fever, diabetes and venereal diseases. Objective: This review emphasizes on the phytochemical and mineral profile of the different parts of Noni plant. In addition, this review corroborates the pharmacological basis for the various health benefits, traditional and medicinal applications of Noni. Materials and Methods: All the available information of Noni were collected from electronic databases such as Academic Journals, Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacology, Springer, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and other primary and secondary sources. Results: According to our search results pertaining to scientific literature, Morinda citrifolia is used for more than 40 types of ailments worldwide. Crude extract of various parts of plant and fruit juice are reported

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Volatile compounds in noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) at two ripening stages

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

A Locus in Drosophila sechellia Affecting Tolerance of a Host Plant Toxin

A Locus in Drosophila sechellia Affecting Tolerance of a Host Plant Toxin

Ultrasonic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L.: Characterization of Volatile Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Health Benefits of Morinda citrifolia (Noni): A Review

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