Perfil lipídico de quatro espécies de peixes da região pantaneira de Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

O pescado é um alimento importante na dieta de inúmeros grupos populacionais, não apenas como fonte de proteínas de alta qualidade nutricional, mas ainda como reserva significativa de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados da série ômega 3 (ω-3), aos quais são atribuídos numerosos benefícios à saúde humana ( BADOLATO et al., 1994;ÇELIK;DILER;KÜÇÜKGÜLMEZ, 2005;VILA NOVA;GODOY;ALDRIGUE, 2005). Os ácidos ω-3 e ω-6 são precursores dos ácidos eicosanóides (prostaglandinas, tromboxanas e leucotrienos) e são essencialmente fornecidos pela dieta, uma vez que não são sintetizados pelo organismo humano. O ácido linoléico (ω-6) origina o ácido araquidônico, que é o precursor de eicosanóides tromboxanos e a prostaciclina I 2 , respectivamente promotor e inibidor da agregação plaquetária. O ácido graxo alfa-linolênico (ω-3), precursor dos ácidos eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e docosahexaenóico (DHA), os quais além da função no desenvolvimento e funcionamento do sistema nervoso, fotorecepção e sistema reprodutivo (ÇELIK; DILER; KÜÇÜKGÜLMEZ, 2005;SIDHU, 2003;TAPIERO et al., 2002) são apontados como redutores de risco de doenças coronarianas, hipertensão moderada, incidência de diabetes e prevenção de certas arritmias cardíacas e morte súbita. AbstractBrazilian rivers have a great diversity of fish, however, little is known about the nutritional potential of most native fish. The present study evaluates the centesimal composition and the fatty acid profile of the muscle tissue of four species of fish: pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and dourado (Salminus maxillosus), from the Miranda River in the pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul. Dourado had the highest protein content (21.12%), while pintado had the lowest value (17.90%). There was no difference between the protein levels of cachara and pacu (approximately 18%). Pacu fillets were revealed to be the most caloric and this value did not change when the dry sample was considered. The four fish species presented oleic acid (20.25 to 37.25%) as the predominant fatty acid, followed by palmitic acid (19.96 to 21.37%) and stearic acid (7.39 to 9.82%). Total polyunsaturated fatty acid contents varied from 5.24 in pacu to 17.33% in pintado; and total saturated fatty acids from 32.91 to 38.89%. Cachara, pintado and dourado species presented equal proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 family (average of 7.80%) and of the ω-6 family (average of 8.40%), while pacu presented the lowest contents of these fatty acids (1.13 and 4.11%, respectively). All the samples studied presented ω6/ω3 and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (HH) indexes that indicate good nutritional quality. Only pacu presented non-recommended levels in relation to trombogenicity (TI) and polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) indexes. Keywords: fishes; proximate composition; fatty acids; omega-3; lipids. ResumoOs rios brasileiros possuem grande diversidade de peixes, no entanto, pouco se conhece sobre o potencial nutricional da maioria das espéc...

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and nutritional quality of five freshwater fish species cultivated in the western region of Santa Catarina, Brazil

“…A comparison of the data in Table 1 with previously published data on the composition of the five fish species used in this study, showed they were similar to those of other freshwater fish species that commonly cultivated in Brazil, such as dourado (Salminus maxillosus), pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) (Caula et al, 2008;Ramos-Filho et al, 2008;Fernandes et al, 2014).…”

Sesame and flaxseed oil: nutritional quality and effects on serum lipids and glucose in rats

“…In the present study, HH was 4.82 for sesame oil and 14.85 for flaxseed oil, much higher values than those reported for fish from the Brazilian Pantanal, (1.49-1.84) and considered quite high for an animal product (RAMOS FILHO et al, 2008).…”

“…AI and TI were lower than 1 for both sesame and flaxseed oil due to the cardioprotective effect of their PUFA. Ramos Filho et al (2008) also found AI and TI values below 1.0 for Pantanal fish, except for pacu fish, which had a TI of 1.16. in the present study. Uzun et al (2007) found 45.3% LA and 37.0% oleic acid in sesame oil, but they found no linolenic acid fractions.…”

The Feasibility of Increasing Lipid Extraction in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)Waste by Proteolysis

“…These authors evaluated the byproducts obtained from tilapia aquaculture and observed only traces of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20: 5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22: 6n-3). Moreover, in the present study, the values observed for DHA were higher than for EPA, which corroborates the values that were exhibited for other species of freshwater fish (Andrade et al, 1995;Ramos Filho et al, 2008).…”