Tecnologia de quebra do coco babaçu (Orbignya speciosa)

Abstract

ResumoO coco babaçu (Orbignya speciosa) é constituído por quatro partes. Epicarpo, mesocarpo, endocarpo e amêndoas. Atualmente o coco babaçu é coletado e descascado manualmente por mulheres e crianças, sendo um dos problemas sociais da região Nordeste/Norte do Brasil. O trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um processo de descascamento adequado para o coco. Foram feitas caracterizações quanto ao volume, massa, densidade real, comprimento, perímetro transversal e distância entre o epicarpo e a amêndoa. Estes dados foram analisados, estabelecendo relações entre a quantidade de amêndoas encontradas em cada coco e as médias dos valores dos parâmetros estudados. Seis experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de verificar a força de compressão necessária para a sua quebra, sendo analisado no coco in natura; descascado por abrasão; seco a 120 °C; seco a 120 °C e descascado por abrasão; seco a 120 °C descascado por abrasão, hidratado e congelado a -18 °C; e seco a 120 °C, descascado por abrasão, hidratado e "puffing" (Expansão). No procedimento de descascamento, verificouse o tempo médio para a retirada do epicarpo e mesocarpo, e na secagem e hidratação o tempo de estabilização da massa. Palavras-chave: babaçu; descascamento; amêndoas; pré-tratamento; compressão. AbstractThe babassu nut (Orbignya speciosa) consists of fours parts: the epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and kernel. Currently the babassu nut is collected and cracked manually by women and children, which is one of the social problems of the Brazil's North/Norwest region. The purpose of this work was to develop an effective technique for removing the shell of the babassu nut. Characterizations were made of the volume, mass, real density, length, transversal perimeter and distance between the epicarp and the kernel. These data were analyzed to establish a correlation between the amount of kernels in each babassu nut and the average of the values of the parameters under study. To determine the compressive force required to break babassu nuts, six experiments were carried out involving: a) untreated nuts; b) nuts peeled by abrasion; c) nuts dried at 120 °C; d) dried at 120 °C and peeled by abrasion; e) dried at 120 °C peeled by abrasion, hydrated and frozen at -18 °C; and f) dried at 120 °C, peeled by abrasion, hydrated and puffed. An estimate was made of the average time required to remove the epicarp and mesocarp in the shelling procedure, and of the time required to reach mass equilibrium in the drying and hydration procedure. Keywords: babassu; nut breaking; kernels; compression; pretreatment. Tecnologia de quebra do coco babaçu (Orbignya speciosa) Babassu nut breaking techniqueMarcia Paisano SOLER 1 *, Alfredo de Almeida VITALI 1 , Eric Fumhio MUTO 1 IntroduçãoO babaçu é uma palmeira monocaule, com até 20 m de altura e estipe liso medindo até 41 cm de diâmetro, frutos oblongos-elipsóides lisos, com 11,3 x 6,3 cm de diâmetro, de coloração marrom na maturidade 3 . A época de frutificação do babaçu ocorre durante o ano todo, sendo que o pico da pro...

Extraction and evaluation of fatty acid compositon of Orbignyaphalerata martius oils (arecaceae) from Maranhão State, Brazil

“…The oil yield obtained using method A with babassu nuts of the Imperatriz (IMP), Esperantinópolis (EPT), Riachão (RIA), São Luís (SL) and Fortuna (FOR) (65.17, 65.17, 65.81, 66.45 and 67.45%) are in accordance with Soler et al 16 and Picciani. 17 The Penalva City (PEN) (62.46%) is within the range reported by Gunstone and Norris 14 and Soler et al 16 Extraction and Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition of Oils from Orbignya phalerata J. Braz.…”

“…The oil yield obtained using method A with babassu nuts of the Imperatriz (IMP), Esperantinópolis (EPT), Riachão (RIA), São Luís (SL) and Fortuna (FOR) (65.17, 65.17, 65.81, 66.45 and 67.45%) are in accordance with Soler et al 16 and Picciani. 17 The Penalva City (PEN) (62.46%) is within the range reported by Gunstone and Norris 14 and Soler et al 16 In method B, the oil yield of babassu nuts from Imperatriz presented a percentage equal to 61.16%, which is consistent with Gunstone and Norris 14 and Soler et al 16 However, the babassu nut oil yield from other cities when method B was employed showed lower values than those reported in the literature.…”

“…17 The Penalva City (PEN) (62.46%) is within the range reported by Gunstone and Norris 14 and Soler et al 16 Extraction and Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition of Oils from Orbignya phalerata J. Braz. Chem.…”

“…The oil contents of babassu nuts (O. phalerata) obtained from the extraction methods A and B (Table 2) per each 5.0 g sample ranged around the averages: 3.29-3.32 g and 2.56-2.82 g, which is related to the oil yields 62.46-67.45% and 46.79-61.16%, respectively. The selected methodologies were to yield a result within the related range of lipid yields, according to the literature, Gunstone and Norris, 14 Peixoto, 15 Soler et al 16 and Picciani,17 in which the oil yields from the babassu nuts were 60-65%, 65, 60-68%, 65-68%, respectively.The oil yield obtained using method A with babassu nuts of the Imperatriz (IMP), Esperantinópolis (EPT), Riachão (RIA), São Luís (SL) and Fortuna (FOR) (65.17, 65.17, 65.81, 66.45 and 67.45%) are in accordance with Soler et al 16 and Picciani. 17 The Penalva City (PEN) (62.46%) is within the range reported by Gunstone and Norris 14 and Soler et al 16 Extraction and Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition of Oils from Orbignya phalerata J. Braz.…”

“…The oil contents of babassu nuts (O. phalerata) obtained from the extraction methods A and B (Table 2) per each 5.0 g sample ranged around the averages: 3.29-3.32 g and 2.56-2.82 g, which is related to the oil yields 62.46-67.45% and 46.79-61.16%, respectively. The selected methodologies were to yield a result within the related range of lipid yields, according to the literature, Gunstone and Norris, 14 Peixoto, 15 Soler et al 16 and Picciani,17 in which the oil yields from the babassu nuts were 60-65%, 65, 60-68%, 65-68%, respectively.…”