Extracts of Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach seeds inhibit folliculogenesis in albino rats

Abstract

The seed oil of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) is used in traditional medicine for its antidiabetic, spermicidal, antifertility, antibacterial, and wound healing properties. The present study was undertaken to investigate the quantitative aspects of follicular development in cyclic female albino rats (135 ± 10 g; 8 groups with 6 animals in each group) after oral administration of polar (PF) and non-polar (NPF) fractions of A. indica seed extract at 3 and 6 mg kg body weight -1 day -1 and Melia azedarach Linn. (dharek) seed extract at 24 mg kg body weight -1 day -1 for 18 days. The extracts were prepared using a flash evaporator at 35°C and then dissolved in olive oil to prepare doses on a per kg body weight basis. There was a significant reduction (P = 0.05) in the number of normal single layered follicles (A. indica: 0.67 ± 0.33 and 4.67 ± 2.03 after 3 and 6 mg/kg NPF, and 3.33 ± 1.67 and 1.00 ± 1.00 after 3 and 6 mg/kg PF vs control: 72.67 ± 9.14 and M. azedarach: 0.60 ± 0.40 and 1.80 ± 1.2 after 24 mg/kg PF and NPF, respectively, vs control: 73.40 ± 7.02) and follicles in various stages (I-VII) of follicular development in all treatment groups. These extracts also significantly reduced (P = 0.05) the total number of normal follicles in the neem (14.67 ± 5.93 and 1.00 ± 1.00 after 3 and 6 mg/kg PF and 3.67 ± 0.88 and 5.33 ± 2.03 after 3 and 6 mg/kg NPF) and dharek (13.00 ± 3.58 and 14.60 ± 2.25 after 24 mg/kg NPF and PF) treatments compared to control (216.00 ± 15.72 and 222.20 ± 19.52, respectively). Currently, indiscriminate use of persistent and toxic rodenticides to control rodent populations has created serious problems such as resistance and environmental contamination. Therefore, it becomes necessary to use ecologically safe and biologically active botanical substances that are metabolized and are not passed on to the next trophic level, and that interfere with the reproductive potential particularly growth and differentiation of follicles. This may help elevate the socio-economic status of the country. Thus, the present study is an attempt to investigate the effects of A. indica and M. azedarach seed extracts on reproduction of albino rats.

Anti-fertility effect of various plants at Dayak Tribe to Swiss Webster Mice

“…The growth of egg follicle is affected by the concentration of FSH, while the ovulation usually occurs when the concen-tration of LH reaches optimum [14]. The ex-tracts of Azadiracta indica and Melia azedarach have been known to inhibit folliculogenesis to disrupt the formation of the body's hormonal [15]. The extracts of papaya seeds are suspected to be toxic, although it may work is selective [16].…”

Antibacterial efficacy of the seed extracts of Melia azedarach against some hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains

“…Seeds of M. azedarach L. have been scientifically reported to exert antimalarial, antifungal [9,10] , ovicidal [11] , insecticidal [12] , antifeedant [13] , rodenticidal activities [14] in vitro and in vivo studies.…”

Crescimento de plantas jovens de Nim-Indiano (Azadirachta indica a. juss. - Meliaceae) sob diferentes regimes hídricos

“…), árvore nativa do Sul asiático, tem crescido pelas diversas características interessantes do seu extrato bruto ou do seu óleo vegetal, que podem ser extraídos das folhas, caules e sementes. Essas características, que vão desde o combate às pragas agrícolas até o uso medicinal e na indústria cosmética, têm atraído a atenção de pesquisadores em todo o mundo, o que pode ser confirmado pelo número crescente de trabalhos publicados sobre essa espécie (WEWETZER, 1998;KULKARNI et al, 1999;ARAÚJO et al, 2000;OKEMO et al, 2001;ROOP et al, 2005).…”