Neural reflex regulation of arterial pressure in pathophysiological conditions: interplay among the baroreflex, the cardiopulmonary reflexes and the chemoreflex

Vasquez, Elisardo C.; Meyrelles, Silvana S.; Mauad, Helder; Cabral, Antonio de Melo

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x1997000400014

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…T he baroreflex acts to impede short-term fluctuations in arterial pressure (AP), 1 but it is impaired in pathological states such as long-term hypertension. 2 Although mechanical deformation of the nerve endings is considered the primary mechanism of baroreceptor activation, baroreceptor sensitivity is modulated by endothelial factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), which is known to inhibit baroreceptor nerve activity (BNA).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

l- Arginine Restores the Effect of Ouabain on Baroreceptor Activity and Prevents Hypertension

et al. 1999

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Abstract-In spontaneously hypertensive rats, ouabain exerts an excitatory effect on baroreceptor nerve activity (BNA).The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ouabain on BNA in other experimental models of hypertension and its interaction with nitric oxide. Rats were made hypertensive using the procedures for N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt, and 2-kidney, 1 clip (2K1C) hypertension models. In these groups, systolic arterial pressure was 195Ϯ7, 149Ϯ6, and 148Ϯ4 mm Hg, respectively, compared with 110Ϯ4 mm Hg in normotensive rats. Acute ouabain administration had an excitatory effect on BNA in normotensive rats (37Ϯ4%), an inhibitory effect in L-NAME hypertensive rats (Ϫ60Ϯ7%), and no effect in DOCA-salt and 2K1C hypertensive rats. The effects of ouabain were not related to arterial pressure levels, and no excitatory effect on BNA was observed in prehypertensive DOCA-salt rats. Long-term administration of L-arginine (3 g ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ day Ϫ1 ) prevented DOCA-salt (121Ϯ8 mm Hg) and 2K1C (104Ϯ4 mm Hg) hypertension, markedly attenuated L-NAME (130Ϯ9 mm Hg) hypertension, and restored the excitatory effect of ouabain on BNA in these groups to levels similar to the normotensive rats and their respective control groups. We conclude that ouabain has a diverse effect on BNA in experimental models of hypertension, and it can be normalized by L-arginine. The data also indicate that nitric oxide may play a pivotal role in mediating the excitatory effect of ouabain on BNA, and we speculate that a therapeutic combination of ouabain and L-arginine may be beneficial in secondary hypertension. Key Words: arginine Ⅲ ouabain Ⅲ L-NAME Ⅲ baroreceptors Ⅲ hypertension T he baroreflex acts to impede short-term fluctuations in arterial pressure (AP), 1 but it is impaired in pathological states such as long-term hypertension. 2 Although mechanical deformation of the nerve endings is considered the primary mechanism of baroreceptor activation, baroreceptor sensitivity is modulated by endothelial factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), which is known to inhibit baroreceptor nerve activity (BNA). 3 However, ionic mechanisms, including the inhibition of Na ϩ -K ϩ -ATPase pump activity, increase BNA. 4,5 Ouabain, which is known as an inhibitor of Na ϩ -K ϩ -ATPase pump activity, reportedly has an excitatory effect on BNA. 6,7 Recently, we reported that the excitatory effect of ouabain on BNA is increased in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 7 The purpose of the present study was to determine whether ouabain has an excitatory effect on BNA in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt and 2-kidney, 1 clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Because we did not observe such an effect in these models and because the high plasma volume could elicit greater vascular shear stress, which is a stimulus for NO, 8 we tried to restore the excitatory effect of ouabain on BNA in these models of hypertension by treating the animals with L-arginine long term. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of ouabain on BNA in N...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

l- Arginine Restores the Effect of Ouabain on Baroreceptor Activity and Prevents Hypertension

et al. 1999

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“…Such control is an important pathway to effect rapid changes in blood pressure and in the distribution of cardiac output that are essential to maintain a sufficient perfusion to vital organs, such as heart, brain and the kidney in face of physiological and environmental challenges. This rapid control of cardiovascular function is achieved through arterial and non-arterial reflexes that detect and correct changes in arterial blood pressure (baroreflex), blood volume (cardiopulmonary reflex) or chemical composition (chemoreflex) of the blood (Vasquez et al, 1997). It is important to notice that the effectiveness of these systems may be modulated by hormonal systems, such as angiotensin II and nitric oxide.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Reflexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The baroreceptors endings are located in adventitia layer of carotid sinus and aortic arch with their soma located in the petrosal and nodose ganglia respectively. These receptors are mechano-sensitive and the distension of the vessels that occurs at each heart beat leads to action potential generation on these terminals which are transmitted to CNS, buffering arterial pressure fluctuations through changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (Vasquez et al, 1997). To achieve this precise control, the generated action potentials in each systole travel centrally to synapse onto neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in the dorsal medulla.…”

Section: Baroreflexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impulses arising from these receptors exert a tonic restraint on cardiac function and contribute to the physiological control of circulation. Cardiopulmonary reflexes are stimulated not only by changes in cardiac filling pressure but also by chemical agents, such as prostaglandins and serotonin (Vasquez et al, 1997). The cardiopulmonary fibers converge to the same pool of central neurons as the baroreceptors and act in a similar way (Spyer, 1990).…”

Section: Cardiopulmonary Reflexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid and aortic bodies, with afferents to the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the NTS, respond primarily to hypoxia (Guimarães et al, 2009). These chemo-sensitive receptors constantly receive information of arterial pO 2 , pCO 2 e pH through a thin artery originated in the middle of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery that maintains these cells in close contact with blood gases (Vasquez et al, 1997). Increases in the firing rate of these neurons lead to a simultaneously activation of sympathetic outflow to blood vessels and increased vagal activity to the heart (Kara et al, 2003).…”

Section: Arterial Chemoreflexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural reflex regulation of arterial pressure in pathophysiological conditions: interplay among the baroreflex, the cardiopulmonary reflexes and the chemoreflex

Cited by 45 publications

References 71 publications

l- Arginine Restores the Effect of Ouabain on Baroreceptor Activity and Prevents Hypertension

l- Arginine Restores the Effect of Ouabain on Baroreceptor Activity and Prevents Hypertension

Neurohumoral Control of Heart Rate

Physiological Systems Modeling

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