A comparative study of eleven protein systems in tamarins, genus Saguinus (Platyrrhini, Callitrichinae)

Abstract

The genetic variability of six tamarin taxa, genus Saguinus, was analyzed comparatively using protein data from eleven systems coded by 15 loci. S. fuscicollis weddelli and S. midas midas were the most polymorphic taxa, and S. bicolor the least. The results of the phylogenetic analyses (UPGMA and neighbor-joining) and the genetic distances between taxa were generally consistent with their geographic and probable phylogenetic relationships. Analyses of the S. bicolor and S. midas populations suggested that they represent no more than three subspecies of a single species, S. midas, with the bicolor forms belonging to a single subspecies, S. midas bicolor. If supported by additional studies, this would have important implications for the conservation of the bicolor form, which is endangered with extinction. The genetic similarity of S. fuscicollis and S. mystax was also consistent with their geographical and morphological proximity, although more data from a larger number of taxa will be required before the taxonomic relationships within the genus can be defined.<br>A variabilidade genética de seis taxa de tamarins, gênero Saguinus, foi analisada comparativamente usando-se dados protéicos de onze sistemas codificados por quinze loci. S. fuscicollis weddelli e S. midas midas foram os taxa mais polimórficos, enquanto S. bicolor foi o menos. Os resultados da análise filogenética (UPGMA e neighbor-joining) e as distâncias genéticas entre os taxa foram em geral consistentes com suas relações geográficas e filogenéticas. As análises das populações de S. bicolor e S. midas indicaram que eles podem representar não mais do que três subespécies de uma única espécie, S. midas, com as formas de bicolor pertencendo a uma única subespécie, S. midas bicolor. Se apoiado por estudos adicionais, este fato teria implicações importantes para a conservação da forma de bicolor, que está em perigo de extinção. A similaridade genética de S. fuscicollis e S. mystax foi também consistente com sua proximidade geográfica e morfológica, embora mais dados sobre um número maior de taxa seriam necessários antes de se definirem as relações taxonômicas dentro do gênero

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Saguinus (Platyrrhini, Primates) based on the ND1 mitochondrial gene and implications for conservation

“…The suggestion that S. bicolor and S. midas could be subspecies of the same species (Canavez et al, 1999), was not supported by our results but they were consistent with those of Meireles et al (1997) and Jacobs-Cropp et al (1999), joining S. bicolor and S. midas as sister groups. One possible reason for this discrepancy could be the fact that both we and Jacobs-Cropp et al (1999) used mitochondrial sequences which evolve faster than the nuclear sequences as used by Canavez et al (1999).…”

“…According to Canavez et al (1999), S. fuscicollis appeared as the first divergent lineage within the genus Saguinus followed by an unresolved trichotomy (S. mystax-S. imperator, S. midas-S. bicolor, and S. oedipus), this research showing S. midas midas grouping with S. bicolor rather than S. midas niger. On the other hand, the biochemical analysis carried out by Meireles et al (1997) and the mitochondrial results obtained by Jacobs-Cropp et al (1999) showed that the S. midas subspecies (S. m. midas and S. m. niger) are closely related and are separated from the S. bicolor clade (S. b. martinsi, S. b. bicolor, S. b. ochraceus).…”

A molecular phylogeny of the tamarins (genusSaguinus) based on five nuclear sequence data from regions containingAluinsertions

“…In common with all other recent molecular and morphological studies (Natori and Hanihara, 1992;Rylands et al, 1993;Meireles et al, 1997;Cropp et al, 1999;Tagliaro et al, 2005;Araripe et al, 2008), the results of the present analysis further emphasize the inadequacies of Hershkovitz's (1977) classic arrangement based on facial pelage and pigmentation patterns. In particular, our results support a sister relationship between some bare-(S. bicolor/S.…”

Mitochondrial DNA-like sequence in the nuclear genome of Saguinus (Callitrichinae, Primates): transfer estimation

“…Second, S. midas and S. bicolor were placed in the same group (cluster 2), as suggested by Natori andHanihara (1990), Ferrari (1993), Rylands et al (1993), Jacobs et al (1995), Meireles et al (1997) and Cropp et al (1999), although a more detailed analysis will be required before the relationship between these two forms, i.e., whether S. bicolor is a subspecies of S. midas, can be defined.…”

“…and Saguinus bicolor spp. (see Natori and Hanihara, 1990;Ferrari, 1993;Meireles et al, 1997). Jacobs et al (1995) and Cropp et al (1999) sequenced the D-loop region and a small part of cytochrome b from the mitochondrial DNA to clarify the taxonomy of Saguinus.…”