2012
DOI: 10.1590/s0100-84042012000400003
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Abstract: Lignin, after cellulose, is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth, accounting for 30% of the organic carbon in the biosphere. It is considered an important evolutionary adaptation of plants during their transition from the aquatic environment to land, since it bestowed the early tracheophytes with physical support to stand upright and enabled long-distance transport of water and solutes by waterproofing the vascular tissue. Although essential for plant growth and development, lignin is the major plant c… Show more

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Cited by 106 publications
(63 citation statements)
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“…Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that is deposited in secondary-thickened cell walls to provide strength and rigidity to specialized cell types (Boerjan et al, 2003;Vanholme et al, 2010a;Cesarino et al, 2012). Lignin is derived from the oxidative radical-radical coupling of three main hydroxycinnamyl alcohol monomers, the monolignols p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohol, that differ in their degree of aromatic ring methoxylation and couple (as their radicals) in a primarily end-wise manner with the growing polymer radical.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that is deposited in secondary-thickened cell walls to provide strength and rigidity to specialized cell types (Boerjan et al, 2003;Vanholme et al, 2010a;Cesarino et al, 2012). Lignin is derived from the oxidative radical-radical coupling of three main hydroxycinnamyl alcohol monomers, the monolignols p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohol, that differ in their degree of aromatic ring methoxylation and couple (as their radicals) in a primarily end-wise manner with the growing polymer radical.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The idea of utilizing laccases as oxidizing enzymes for lignin bonding applications was based on the reactivity of phenoxy radicals in the plant cell wall (Barcelo 1997;Wang et al 2013). In native plants, in-situ oxido-reductase catalysis activity initiates the polymerization through the cross-linking of phenoxy radicals, and the same technique can be applied in the in-vitro bonding of lignocellulosic materials (Cesarino et al 2012;Koch and Schmitt 2013). The laccase activity during delignification can be improved by adding a redox mediator, which increases the range of substrates from phenolic to non-phenolic compounds (Gutiérrez et al 2012;Rosado et al 2012).…”
Section: Lignin Polymerizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The β-O-4 and β-5 bonding types result in a linear polymer structure. However, a branched polymer may form when nucleophilic compounds, such as alcohols, phenolic hydroxyl groups, or water, attack the benzyl carbon of the quinone methide intermediate (Cesarino et al 2012;Rowell 2012).…”
Section: Lignin Polymerizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lignin, a complex polymer, is the most recalcitrant component of plant biomass [14] and binds tightly to, and provides a physical seal around, cellulose and hemicellulose [11,[15][16][17][18], thereby protecting them against attack by hydrolytic enzymes. The restricted bioavailability of these sugars and other components is thought to be largely physical, with lignin molecules reducing the surface area available to enzymatic penetration and activity [19].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%