Fenologia reprodutiva de espécies vegetais da Floresta Ombrófila Mista do Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

-(Reproductive phenology of plant species of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in Paraná, Brazil). The Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (FOM) or Araucaria Forest, vegetation that occupies regions with a highly seasonal climate subject to frost, used to cover 40% of Paraná State. Nowadays, however, there is less than 1% of advanced and well conserved FOM covering this State. This study presents the reproductive phenological patterns (flowering and fruiting) of the plant species found in FOM fragments located in three municipalities of Paraná State in order to subside restoration activities. Monthly phenological observations in 543 individuals of 145 species, representing several life forms (71 trees, 52 bushes, 18 vines and four epiphytes) were conducted between January 2004 and December 2005 employing the activity index. Flowering was recorded mainly between September and December, with a peak in October and November (68 species), followed by fruiting, which was concentrated between December and April, peaking in February (61 species). During the coldest months (June to August), the number of species with flowers or fruits was very low, with less than five species per phenophase. The availability of araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze) seeds varied between the years, but usually occurred between April and September. Significant correlations between phenophases and some abiotic factors, especially day length and temperature, were found. Therefore, plant species of the FOM proved to be highly seasonal, with periods of high and low flowering and fruiting activity, as consequence of the climatic seasonality, characteristic of the study region.Key words -Araucaria angustifolia, Araucaria forest, flowering, fruiting, seasonal breeding RESUMO -(Fenologia reprodutiva de espécies vegetais da Floresta Ombrófila Mista do Paraná, Brasil). A Floresta OmbrófilaMista (FOM) ou Floresta com Araucária, que ocorre em regiões de clima sazonal, com baixas temperaturas e ocorrência de geadas, cobria 40% do Estado do Paraná. Hoje, resta menos de 1% dessa formação florestal em estádio sucessional avançado e bem conservado. O presente trabalho apresenta os padrões fenológicos reprodutivos (floração e frutificação) das espécies, presentes em fragmentos de FOM localizados em três municípios paranaenses, visando subsidiar ações de restauração. Observações fenológicas mensais em 543 indivíduos de 145 espécies, representando diferentes formas de vida (71 árvores, 52 arbustos, 18 trepadeiras e quatro epífitas), foram realizadas entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2005, utilizando o índice de atividade. A floração ocorreu principalmente nos meses de setembro a dezembro, com pico em outubro e novembro (68 espécies), e a frutificação concentrou-se entre dezembro e abril, com pico de atividade em fevereiro (61 espécies). Nos meses mais frios (junho a agosto), o número de espécies que floresceram e frutificaram foi muito baixo, com menos de cinco espécies por fenofase. A presença de sementes (pinhões) de araucária (Araucaria angustifolia ...

Early Bird Assemblages under Different Subtropical Forest Restoration Strategies in Brazil: Passive, Nucleation and High Diversity Plantation

“…Species identification (epithets) follows the List of Flora of Brazil -2013 [http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br] and The International Plant Names Index -2013 [http://www.ipni.org]. The period of fructification and dispersal syndrome were based on specific literature [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]. Silvicultural groups, where "filling" is fast-shading pioneer trees; and "diversity" is non-pioneer trees.…”

Annual changes in a bird assembly on artificial perches: Implications for ecological restoration in a subtropical agroecosystem

“…For both the seasonal semideciduous forest and the mixed ombrophilous forest (Araucaria moist forest) of Southern Brazil, the greatest availability of fruits occurs between spring and summer (Mikich & Silva 2001, Liebsch & Mikich 2009), when our study found the abundance and richness of potential dispersers to be highest. This synchrony between peak fruit availability and peak disperser abundance in this agroecosystem emphasizes the importance of this mutualism (Zanini & Ganade 2005, Jordano et al 2006, Carlo et al 2007, Hartz et al 2012.…”

Reproductive phenology, seed removal and early regeneration in relation to distance from parental plants of a native palm in small Atlantic forest fragments

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