Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Smilax polyantha Griseb. (Smilacaceae)

Abstract

-(Morphoanatomy of vegetative organs of Smilax polyantha Griseb. (Smilacaceae)). Smilax polyantha Griseb., known as salsaparrilha, is a medicinal plant, occurring in the "cerrado", in the Southeast region in Brazil. The objective of this study was to describe the morphoanatomy of the vegetative organs of Smilax polyantha and to verify whether the characters described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia allow to differentiate between salsaparrilha species. Samples of the vegetative organs were prepared following usual techniques using light and scanning electron microscopy. The leaf is hypostomatic and the stomata are paracytic. Mesophyll tends to dorsiventral, as the three parenchyma layers near the adaxial surface are constituted by sinuous cells. Petiole is canaliculated in the adaxial face, and striated in the abaxial face, indicating leaf twist. The stem branch was studied in the aerial and underground portion differing only by the thickening degree of vascular parenchyma cell walls. The rhizophore coat is made by cortical parenchyma; between the cortex and the vascular cylinder there is a secondary thickening meristem; the vascular cylinder has collateral bundles surrounded by parenchyma cells with thick secondary walls. The adventitious radicular system possesses white fresh roots, covered by epidermis, with large cortex, and rigid brown roots, covered by the sclerenchymatous cells of inner cortex, because the epidermis and outer cortex are eliminated along the development. The S. polyantha root analysis had shown that the parameters described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, which are based on the way the roots are tied in bundles, the diameter, and colour of the roots, are insufficient to differentiate the Smilax species.Key words -anatomy, leaf, root, salsaparrilha, underground stem RESUMO -(Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Smilax polyantha Griseb. (Smilacaceae)). Smilax polyantha Griseb., conhecida como salsaparrilha, é uma espécie reconhecida como medicinal, encontrada em áreas de cerrado, especialmente na região Sudeste. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Smilax polyantha e verificar se os caracteres descritos na Farmacopéia Brasileira de fato permitem diferenciar esta das demais espécies denominadas salsaparrilha. Amostras dos órgãos vegetativos foram preparadas segundo técnicas usuais em microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. A folha é hipoestomática e os estômatos são paracíticos. O mesofilo tende a dorsiventral, pois o parênquima adaxial é constituído por células com sinuosidades pronunciadas. O pecíolo é canaliculado, sulcado na porção abaxial, indicando torção foliar. O ramo caulinar foi estudado na porção aérea e subterrânea diferindo apenas pelo espessamento da parede das células do parênquima vascular. O rizóforo é revestido pelo córtex; entre o córtex e o cilindro vascular há o meristema de espessamento secundário; o cilindro vascular é constituído de feixes colaterais cercados por células parenquimáticas com espessamento parieta...

Histochemical Screening of Leaves Compared to in situ and in vitro Calluses of Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq.

“…Based on histological data, new species with pharmacological potential can be studied as to the chemical nature of their cellular compounds (Oliveira et al, 2015;Vasconcelos et al, 2013). According to Martins and Appezzato-da-Glória (2006), correct histochemical characterization and identification ensure confidence in the use the plants for therapeutic purposes and in complimentary chemical studies. Araújo et al (2010) and cite that histochemical studies in Solanum are not much explored.…”

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“…Unfortunately, their results showed the taxonomic limits of pollen to be at the genus level. In contrast to pollen, numerous workers have shown that morpho-histology of Smilax taxa provides significant taxonomic characters from flowers 5 and vegetation 6,7 . A large number of investigations have examined the diagnostic value of leaves.…”

Morphoanatomy of the stem in Cyperaceae

“…PTM, together with the apical meristem, has the function of forming the primary body by means of a gradual increase in thickness (DeMason 1979a;b). The occurrence of PTM, although it has several denominations, has been described for many monocotyledons (Cheadle 1937;Krauss 1948;DeMason 1979a;b;1983;Stevenson & Fisher 1980;DeMason & Wilson 1984;Rudall 1991;Gifford & Bayer 1995;Rodrigues & Estelita 2002;2007;Menezes et al 2005;Martins & Appezzato-da-Glória 2006). STM is responsible for secondary growth (DeMason 1984), occurring mainly in arborescent monocotyledons of the Superorder Lilifloreae, mainly in Asparagales and Liliales Rudall 1991).…”

“…According to Diggle & DeMason (1983a;b) PTM and STM are subsequent phases of activity of the same meristem; also, Rodrigues & Estelita (2002) comment that STM is the result of the activity change of PTM. In groups where both are present they can be continuous (Diggle & DeMason 1983a;b;DeMason & Wilson 1984;Rudall 1995;Rodrigues & Estelita 2002) at least in one phase of the life cycle (Stevenson & Fisher 1980).…”

“…In groups where both are present they can be continuous (Diggle & DeMason 1983a;b;DeMason & Wilson 1984;Rudall 1995;Rodrigues & Estelita 2002) at least in one phase of the life cycle (Stevenson & Fisher 1980). Cheadle (1937) considers the association between the habit of the plants and secondary growth to be an important factor for determining the phylogenesis of monocotyledons.…”