Anatomia foliar de espécies brasileiras de Aechmea subg. Chevaliera (Gaudich. ex Beer) Baker, Bromelioideae-Bromeliaceae

Abstract

-(Leaf anatomy of Brazilian species of Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera (Gaudich. ex Beer) Baker, BromelioideaeBromeliaceae). The subgenus Chevaliera comprises 21 species most of them occuring in several Brazilian ecosystems. In order to expand the taxonomic knowledge of this subgenus, data on the leaf anatomy of 11 species is presented. Among the characters which were described in this study, the most relevant ones are: stomata position, the thickeness of the substomatic chamber cells, hypodermis, number of layers of the water storage tissue, the shape of the cells that form air channels and the distribution of the fibers in the mesophyll.

Anatomy of the floral scape of Bromeliaceae

“…Silica bodies also occur in other Poales, such as Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Thurniaceae, Rapateaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Ecdeiocoleaceae and Joinvilleaceae , suggesting that this feature is a plesiomorphy for the order. In Bromeliaceae, the silica bodies are always of spherical shape and only occur in the epidermal cells as reported by Krauss (1948Krauss ( , 1949a, Tomlinson (1969), Flores (1975), Souza & Neves (1996), Sajo et al (1998), Aoyama & Sajo (2003), Arruda & Costa (2003), Proença & Sajo (2004), Scatena & Segecin (2005), Sousa et al (2005) and Proença & Sajo (2007) for both vegetative and reproductive organs. This fact corroborates the supposition of Prychid et al (2004) for whom the shape and localization of these bodies, although genetically controlled and little influenced by environmental factors, can present a systematic potential for some groups of monocotyledons.…”

“…The occurrence of raphides also has been registered in both vegetative and reproductive organs of Bromeliaceae (see Krauss 1948Krauss , 1949aBraga 1977;Brighigna et al 1984;Souza & Neves 1996;Arruda & Costa 2003;Aoyama & Sajo 2003;Segecin & Scatena 2004a, b;Sajo et al 2004Sajo et al , 2005Scatena & Segecin 2005;Sousa et al 2005;Proença & Sajo 2007). Within Poales (APG II 2003), such crystals occur in Eriocaulaceae, Joinvilleaceae, Sparganiaceae and Typhaceae (Dahlgren et al 1985) and probably represent a plesiomorphy for the order.…”

“…According to Fahn & Cutler (1992) these crystals has been considered to be of adaptive value in xerophytic conditions. However, the occurrence of raphides has been registered in many bromeliads that occupy different habitats (see Braga 1977;Arruda & Costa 2003;Segecin & Scatena 2004a, b;Sousa et al 2005;Proença & Sajo 2007), indicating that, in this case, the presence of such crystals is not related to water availability in the environment.…”

Vriesea (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae): a cladistic analysis of eastern Brazilian species based on morphological characters

“…The first group of studies used different data sets, with a focus on relationships among the subfamilies (Ranker et al 1990;Terry et al 1997a;Horres et al 2000;Givnish et al 2007Givnish et al , 2011, within the subfamilies (Terry et al 1997b;Crayn et al 2000;Barfuss et al 2005;Horres et al 2007;Schulte et al 2009;Sass & Specht 2010) or within genera and subgenera (Rex et al 2007;Sousa et al 2007;Chew et al 2010;Versieux et al 2012). With the exception of the study of Gilmartin & Brown (1987), which questioned the monophyly of the family, its possible sistergroup, and the relationships among the subfamilies, phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data have focused on subfamilies (Varadarajan & Gilmartin 1988), tribes (Forzza 2001), genera (Gilmartin et al 1989;Leme 2000;Faria et al 2004;Hornung-Leoni & Sosa 2008;Almeida et al 2009;Monteiro 2009, Gomes-da-Silva et al 2012Saraiva 2013) or subgenera (Gilmartin & Brown 1986;Beaman & Judd 1996;Tardivo 2002;Sousa 2004) in all subfamilies. Combined morphological and molecular data were also used to improve the resolution of the analysis (Faria 2006;Sousa et al 2007;Aguirre-Santoro 2009;Gomes-da-Silva 2013).…”

Aechmea rodriguesiana (L. B. Sm.) L. B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae) uma espécie endêmica da Amazônia brasileira

“…A maior ocorrência brasileira é na costa leste, onde habita predominantemente formações florestais úmidas e sombreadas. Pode ocorrer também em áreas mais abertas, como em vegetação de restinga (Sousa, 2004). Na Amazônia brasileira são referidas duas espécies do subgênero Chevaliera: Aechmea fernandae e A. rodriguesiana, sendo essa última, restrita para a região (Sousa, 2004).…”