Caracterização florística e fitossociológica do componente arbustivo-arbóreo de uma floresta paludosa no Município de Rio Claro (SP), Brasil

Abstract

-(Floristic and phytosociological characterization of the arboreal and shruby stratum of a swamp forest in Rio Claro (SP), Brazil). The flora and structure of a swamp forest occurring in a declivity in the municipality of Rio Claro, SP, was characterized in order to compare its floristic composition with other swamp forests in the countryside of São Paulo state. The trees (CBH ≥15 cm) were censused in 45 plots of 10 m × 10 m (0.45 ha). A total of 1,651 living plants in 49 species and 30 families were found. The diversity index (H') for species was 2.10 nats.individual -1 , whereas the equability (J) was 0.54. The most important species (IV) were Euterpe edulis Mart., Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Talauma ovata A. St.-Hill., Cedrela odorata L., Dendropanax cuneatum Decne & Planch., and Protium spruceanum (Benth.) Engl. The high number of species found in this study can be related with different flooding intensities through the declivity, whereas the low floristic diversity was associated with a high relative density of few species, e.g. E. edulis (41%). The floristic comparison between swamp forests showed that: i) Calophyllum brasiliense, Cedrela odorata, Dendropanax cuneatum, Protium almecega, Styrax pohlii A. DC., Talauma ovata, and Tapirira guianensis Aubl. compose an important group of dominating species that determine a structural resemblance between the swamp forests in the countryside of São Paulo state; ii) the flora of these forests is very variable, with a large number of exclusive species in only one forest. The results indicates that each fragment of swamp forest besides being very important for occurrence of the populations associated to hidromorphic soils and presents floristic peculiarities that altogether, in a high scale, improve the great diversity.Key words -floristic, phytosociology, swamp forest, tropical forest RESUMO -(Caracterização florística e fitossociológica do componente arbustivo-arbóreo de uma floresta paludosa no Município de Rio Claro (SP), Brasil). As florestas paludosas ocupam geralmente porções planas de várzeas e fundos de vale. Caracterizou-se a flora e a estrutura de uma floresta paludosa estabelecida sobre um declive acentuado no Município de Rio Claro, SP, visando à comparação florística dessa floresta com outras florestas paludosas estudadas no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os indivíduos (PAP ≥ 15 cm) foram amostrados em 45 parcelas de 10 m × 10 m (0,45 ha). Foram encontrados 1.651 indivíduos vivos, pertencentes a 49 espécies e 30 famílias. O índice de diversidade (H') para as espécies foi de 2,10 nats.indivíduo -1 e a eqüabilidade (J) foi de 0,54. As espécies mais importantes (em VI) foram Euterpe edulis Mart., Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess., Talauma ovata A. St.-Hill., Cedrela odorata L., Dendropanax cuneatum Decne & Planch. e Protium spruceanum (Benth.) Engl. O elevado número de espécies, em comparação com as outras florestas, pode ser atribuído aos diferentes períodos de saturação hídrica determinados pelo desnível topográfico, enquanto a baixa dive...

Análise florística e estrutural do componente arbustivo-arbóreo de uma floresta de galeria no Município de Cristais Paulista, SP, Brasil

“…1). As florestas paludosas não foram consideradas, visto que a saturação hídrica permanente do solo atua como um fator altamente seletivo de espécies, determinando, para essa formação, uma flora muito peculiar (Torres et al 1994;Ivanauskas et al 1997;Toniato et al 1998;Teixeira & Assis 2005).…”

Floristic relationships among inland swamp forests of Southeastern and Central-Western Brazil

“…Despite the specificity of the soil in which they occur, these forests are widely distributed in the Neotropics and present an interface with different neighboring forests or grasslands. In Southern and Southeastern Brazil, the swamp forests are linked mainly to different forests of Paranaense and Atlantic phytogeographic provinces, such as the seasonal semideciduous inland forests (Rocha et al 2005, Teixeira & Assis 2005 and the rainforests of the coastal zone (Scarano 2002(Scarano , 2006. In the centralnorthern portion of the state of São Paulo and in most of the state of Minas Gerais, as well as in Central Brazil, the swamp forests occur in swampy parts of gallery forests, which are associated with different phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado (Brazilian savannas), like the cerradão (woody cerrado) and cerrado sensu stricto (Oliveira Filho et al 1990, Nogueira & Schiavini 2003, Gomes et al 2004, Guarino & Walter 2005, Teixeira & Assis 2009.…”

Seed germination performances of Styrax species help understand their distribution in Cerrado areas in Brazil

“…These seed germination responses, together with the fast recovery capacity of gas exchange rates observed in S. pohlii plants after flooding periods (Kissmann et al, unpublished data), and the high specific leaf area of S. pohlii plants in riparian forests, leading to advantageous photosynthetic performances in such shaded environments (Habermann and Bressan, 2011) may explain the successful occurrence of this species in riparian forests (Teixeira and Assis, 2005).…”

“…S. pohlii A. DC. is a forest species, frequently occurring in riparian forests within Cerrado areas (Teixeira and Assis, 2005). S. camporum Pohl.…”