<![CDATA[<b>Caracteriza??o das macroalgas nas comunidades marinhas da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental de Cairu??, Parati, RJ</b>: <b>subs?dios para futuros monitoramentos</b>]]>

Abstract

-(Characterisation of macroalgae in the marine communities of Cairuçú Environmental Protected Area, Parati, RJ -bases for future monitoring). Macroalgae can be used to indicate biological and physical disturbances in the environment. In this study, the phyto-benthic community structure served to characterise the Cairuçú Protected Area. Six sampling sites represented a variety of environmental conditions inside Parati Bay, RJ. The most wave-exposed site was Ponta da Cajaíba followed by moderately exposed Praia da Conceição, and all the other sites were sheltered. Quali-and quantitative sampling of macroalgae were carried out four times a year. Algal cover was estimated within functional-form groups in the sublittoral zone using 10 m transects, each one with 10-30 random quadrats of 0.04 m 2 . Density of herbivorous sea urchins was estimated within 10 areas of 0.25 m 2 . There were 15 taxa added to the marine flora of Parati district, making a total of 136 taxa. Comparing local floras in southern areas of Rio de Janeiro State, Parati was similar to both Sepetiba Bay and the remaining of Ilha Grande Bay. Ilha Comprida, Saco da Velha, Praia Vermelha and Ponta do Buraco were dominated by corticated, coriaceous and articulated calcareous erect algae showing a lower cover of crustose calcareous algae. Sargassum dominated in more stable environmental conditions being replaced by smaller rhodophytes after its senescent phase, suggesting competition for stratum space. Places more exposed to waves and/or herbivores (Praia da Conceição and Ponta da Cajaíba) were dominated by crustose and small erect algae, in agreement with algae abundance patterns predicted by form and function models dependent on degrees of physical and biological disturbance.Key words -APA Cairuçú, distribution, functional-form groups, macroalgae, physical and biological disturbances RESUMO -(Caracterização das macroalgas nas comunidades marinhas da Área de Proteção Ambiental de Cairuçú, Parati, RJsubsídios para futuros monitoramentos). As macroalgas podem ser usadas para indicar distúrbios biológicos e físicos do ambiente. Neste estudo, a estrutura das comunidades fitobentônicas serviu para caracterizar a Área de Proteção Ambiental de Cairuçú. Seis locais de coleta representaram diversas condições ambientais dentro da Baía de Parati, RJ. O local mais exposto às ondas foi a Ponta da Cajaíba, seguido pela Praia da Conceição, moderadamente exposta às ondas, e os demais foram protegidos. Coletas quali e quantitativas das macroalgas foram realizadas em quatro épocas do ano. A cobertura destas foi estimada em grupos morfo-funcionais no sublitoral em transectos de 10 m, cada um com 10-30 quadrados aleatórios de 0,04 m 2 . A densidade dos ouriços herbívoros foi estimada em 10 áreas de 0,25 m 2 . Foram acrescidos 15 táxons à flora do Município de Parati, totalizando 136. Na comparação entre floras do sul fluminense, Parati assemelha-se ao grupo da Baía de Sepetiba e o restante da Baía da Ilha Grande. A Ilha Comprida, Saco da Velha, Praia Vermelha e Pont...

Analytical successional tools of fouling communities submitted to different light effects

“…According to Giordano (2001), a simplification in the set of transitions may represent a process of linearization or hierarchization of species/ functional groups related to their competitive abilities. The predominant groups at the end of the study period were articulate calcareous algae, sponges and encrusting bryozoans; according to Figueiredo et al (2004), these species reflect more stable benthic communities typical of late succession, which is consistent with our results. Sponges and the encrusting bryozoan Schizoporella errata are commonly reported in advanced stages of succession and are considered excellent interference competitors because of their ability to exclude other species (Sutherland 1978, Krohling et al 2006).…”

“…Dominant species with long life cycles and slow growth, including those that characterize these functional groups, are typical of late succession and indicate environments with high productivity and low levels of disturbance (reviewed by Figueiredo et al 2004). The encrusting bryozoans also show improved competitive abilities compared with the other sessile organisms, and they not only occupied the available space but also grew in other species (Sutherland and Karlson 1977, Sutherland 1978, Xavier et al 2008.…”

Redefining the taxonomic status ofLaurencia dendroidea(Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil and the Canary Islands

“…Morphological variation of L. dendroidea with regard to the basal system, the presence or absence of lenticular thickenings, and the degree of projection of the cortical cell walls, and also differences in habitat, have misled previous research and led to incorrect citation of this taxon under different names for the Brazilian coast, such as L. arbuscula (Cordeiro-Marino et al, 1983), L. composita (Oliveira Filho, 1969), L. filiformis f. filiformis, L. filiformis f. heteroclada, L. filiformis f. dendritica (Fujii & Sentı´es, 2005), L. majuscula (Sze´chy & Nassar, 2005), L. microcladia (Joly, 1965;Cordeiro-Marino, 1978;Pinheiro-Joventino et al, 1998;Figueiredo et al, 2004) and L. obtusa (Joly, 1965;Pedrini, 1980;Yoneshigue, 1985;FigueiredoCreed & Yoneshigue-Valentin, 1997). In our study, specimens with the characteristics of these other taxa showed morphological features that can be related to environmental conditions.…”

“…In addition, specimens have been reported from Brazil that have similar morphology to L. obtusa but have been identified as L. microcladia Ku¨tzing (Joly, 1965;Oliveira Filho, 1969;Cordeiro-Marino, 1978;Figueiredo et al, 2004), L. heteroclada Harvey (Oliveira Filho, 1969), L. composita Yamada (Oliveira Filho, 1969; Paes e Mello & Pereira, 1990), L. arbuscula Sonder (Cordeiro-Marino et al, 1983;Fujii, 1990), L. scoparia J. Agardh (Cordeiro-Marino et al, 1983;Fujii, 1990), L. majuscula (Harvey) A.H.S. Lucas (Sze´chy & Nassar, 2005) and L. filiformis (Fujii, 1998;Fujii & Sentı´es, 2005).…”

Algas como bioindicadores da qualidade da água

“…Algumas espécies, como a Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, são usadas como bioindicadores em bioensaios laboratoriais enquanto as associações naturais de fitoplâncton são frequentemente utilizadas para bioensaios in situ (SCHELSKE, 1984). As algas podem ser usadas para indicar distúrbios biológicos e físicos dos ambientes e utilizando parâmetros referentes às análises quantitativas das macroalgas bentônicas pode-se caracterizar diferentes graus de distúrbios (FIGUEIREDO; BARRETO;REIS, 2004). Em um conceito mais amplo, estes organismos têm sido vistos cada vez mais como sensores que indicam se um ambiente vem sendo afetado.…”