Biological Management of Basal Rot of Onion by Trichoderma harzianum and Withania somnifera

Fusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.

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“…Dry leaf biomass of solanaceous weed (Withania somnifera) mixed with T. harzianum to control FBR in onion in Pakistan (Akhtar and Javaid 2018).…”

Section: Soil Amendments Based On Natural Organic Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

Audenaert

Haesaert

2021

Trop. plant pathol.

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“…Researchers and scientists all over the world are now seeking for the alternative disease management strategies mainly based on natural resources, which are environment friendly (Javaid et al, 2015). Alternative methods of controlling diseases have been studied highlighting the use of different types of extracts and antifungal compounds from plants (Sana et al, 2017;Akhtar and Javaid, 2018;Shoaib et al, 2018). Several allelochemicals and essential oils have been isolated from different parts of plants, which are now recognized as effective tool against many fungal pathogens (Bowers and Locke, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

2019

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The present study was performed to evaluate antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of leaf extract of Chenopodium mural against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), a highly problematic soil-borne pathogen of tomato. Dried leaves of C. murale were extracted with methanol for 2 weeks and after evaporating the solvent on a rotary evaporator, antifungal bioassay was carried out against FOL. All concentrations (1 to 5%) significantly reduced FOL biomass by 14-45%. The remaining methanolic extract was fractioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate and all these fractions were assayed for their antifungal potential. A 200 mg mL-1 concentration of various sub-fractions reduced fungal biomass significantly by 94-98% over control. All the sub-fractions were subjected to GC-MS analysis that revealed presence of 32 compounds in n-hexane, 2 compounds in chloroform and 13 compounds in ethyl acetate sub-fraction. The predominant compounds in n-hexane sub-fraction were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (14.64%), methyl linolenate (16.61%) and g-sitosterol (13.53%). In chloroform sub-fraction, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (92.31% and in ethyl-acetate sub-fraction, ethyl butyrate (19.57%), dihexyl phthalate (11.19%) and dioctyl phthalate (12.16%) were present in higher concentration.

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“…The remaining aqueous phase was partitioned with chloroform (500 ml), ethyl acetate (500 ml), and n-butanol (500 ml). Among these solvents, n-butanol was evaporated to obtain n-butanol extract (Akhtar and Javaid 2018). The in vitro biological activity of n-butanol fraction was assessed against M. phaseolina.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of n-butanol extract of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) leaves

Khan

Javaid

2020

Bangladesh J. Bot.

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Dry leaves of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) were extracted in methanol and its n-butanol fraction was separated. Solvent was evaporated and antifungal bioassays were carried out against Macrophomina phaseolina using different concentrations (1.562, 3.125, 6.25, 12.50, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/ml) of the extract in malt extract broth. The entire set of concentrations significantly controlled the fungal growth. The lowermost concentration of the extract (1.562 mg/ml) reduced M. phaseolina biomass by 62% over control while all other concentrations completely controlled fungal growth. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 20 compounds in this fraction. Stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol was the predominant compound with peak area of 15.14% followed by 1-butanol, 3-methyl- (11.87%), β-sitosterol (9.93%), γ-sitosterol (8.84%), butane, 2-[1-methylethyl) thio]- (6.51%), cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethoxy- (6.27%), stigmasterol (5.98%) and stigmastanol (4.57%). The compounds such as 1-butanol, 3-methyl-; γ-sitosterol and stigmasterol present in n-butanol fraction of methanolic leaf extract of quinoa are highly and likely to be responsible for antifungal activity against M. phaseolina.

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Biological Management of Basal Rot of Onion by Trichoderma harzianum and Withania somnifera

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Leaf Extract of Chenopodium murale Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Antifungal activity and GC-MS analysis of n-butanol extract of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) leaves

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