Vascular injury in spontaneous subacute toxicosis caused by organic arsenic in cattle

Gonçalves, Maiara Aline; Cruz, Raquel Aparecida Sales da; Reis, Matheus de Oliveira; Pavarini, Saulo Petinatti; Sonne, Luciana; Driemeier, David

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2017000700004

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These injuries may be directly related to the cause of death of the animals, which may have been enhanced by the severity of the clinical changes, with intense electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, apathy and hemorrhage (Rissi et al 2005, Panziera et al 2015). These changes with a higher degree of severity can be considered similar to those described in cases of poisoning by other species of Baccharis (Rissi et al 2005, Pedroso et al 2010, acute sodium fluorosilicate poisoning (Panziera et al 2018), Eupatorium tremulum (Lucioli et al 2007a) and organic arsenic (Gonçalves et al 2017). Therefore, the identification of B. vulneraria at the proprieties, the absence of other plants with the same clinical course and the history of ingestion by local cattle were essential to exclude these differentials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Spontaneous poisoning by Baccharis vulneraria Backer in cattle

et al. 2022

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Baccharis vulneraria Backer is a sub-shrub frequently found in southern Brazil, which leads to gastrointestinal tract intoxication. The objective of this study is to describe epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of two cases of B. vulneraria poisoning in cattle. Two bovines from two different municipalities in the Itajaí Valley, Santa Catarina, Brazil were necropsied and performed the histopathological evaluation and botanical classification of the plant found in the pasture. Bovine 1 had dehydration, ruminal atony, diarrhea, congested mucous membranes and hypothermia for 20 hours, and died during clinical care. At necropsy, there was moderate multifocal detachment and reddening of the forestomachs mucosa. Bovine 2 presented anorexia, dry feces, ruminal atony, vocalization and muscle tremors for ten days, unresponsive to treatments, evolving to death. At necropsy were seen loosening of the mucosa with marked diffuse reddening and transmural edema. The microscopic exam revealed degeneration, necrosis, vesiculation, and detachment of the forestomachs’ mucosa, associated with moderate multifocal neutrophilic infiltrate (Bovine 1); marked diffuse transmural necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, and marked fibrinous exudation (Bovine 2). A large amount of B. vulneraria was found in the pastures, with signs of consumption. In this report, a case of subacute evolution of B. vulneraria poisoning was observed, since the poisoning by this plant is usually acute. More knowledge about poisoning by this plant is necessary for the prevention and control, avoiding new mortality cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Spontaneous poisoning by Baccharis vulneraria Backer in cattle

et al. 2022

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“…Além disso, a condição deve ser diferenciada da intoxicação por arsênico, na qual são visualizadas lesões vasculares em rúmen, retículo e omaso [9], e com outras intoxicações que cursam com gastroenterite, como na intoxicação por Baccharis coridifolia, em que predominam lesões necróticas das mucosas dos pré-estômagos [12]. No presente surto, todavia, as lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas foram discretas e consistiram em degeneração hidrópica associada a infiltrado inflamatório mononuclear em rúmen, retículo e omaso.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Spontaneous Poisoning by Ricinus communis in Sheep

Bianchi

Vargas

Filho

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Ricinus communis (castor bean) is an arbustive plant, popularly known in Brazil as “mamona”. This plant is widely distributed both as a weed in pastures and in specific cultures. All parts of the plant are poisonous and contain the toxic substance ricin, especially the seeds, leaves and pericarp. The ingestion of leaves and pericarp may cause neurological signs. Gross findings are unspecific, however the main finding is the presence of leaves and seeds in the ruminal content. This reportaims to describe the clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of a spontaneous poisoning by R. communis in two sheep.Cases: During the month of March of 2015, six sheep that were kept in a native pasture with high amounts of capimannoni (Eragrostis plana) and received alfalfa hay, had access in the morning to an area infested by R. communis, which was previously cut. Two of these animals presented in the same day at the afternoon clinical signs of apathy, dyspnea and recumbency, followed by death. The inspection of the area infested by R. communis revealed that large amounts of seeds and leaves of this plant were consumed. The two sheep were submitted to necropsy, where multiple samples were collected and processed routinely for histology. Grossly, there were cyanotic mucosae and alimentary content around the nostrils. The ruminal content was dry and showed large amounts of partially digested leaves and seeds. Microscopically, rumen, reticulum and omasum had mild hydropic degeneration in the mucosa, in addition to a mild inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells.Discussion: The diagnosis of R. communis poisoning in two sheep was obtained through the epidemiological aspects, such as the observation of the plant consumption, in addition to the clinical and pathological features. The observation of digested seeds and leaves in the ruminal content is similar to the previously described in cattle and essential to the diagnosisof the condition, since the gross and microscopic lesions are usually unspecific and mainly characterized by edema and congestion of the digestive tract from the abomasum to the proximal colon. Sheep and cattle poisoned with seeds of R. communis may show gastrointestinal clinical signs mainly. In the present study, however, the clinical course was peracute with only dyspnea and recumbency, suggesting a nervous form of the condition. This form of poisoning is associated to the consumption of dry leaves and clinical signs may be observed within 3-6h after consumption. These are characterized by unbalance walk, muscle tremors, sialorrhea, chewing movements and excessive eructation, and can rapidly progress to death, as in the present study, and in other spontaneous poisoned sheep. The condition should be differentiated from arsenic poisoning, which presents mainly vascular lesions involving the rumen, reticulum and omasum, as well as other poisonings that cause gastroenteritis, such as Baccharis coridifolia poisoning, which culminates with mucosa necrotic lesions involving the pre-stomachs. A high mortality may have occurred due to the food shortage, which in association tothe prolonged mastication of ruminants may have increased the ricin release from the seeds and leaves. Ricinus communis poisoning in sheep may occur spontaneously in association with food shortage. The clinical course of these cases may be peracute (neurological form), usually leading to death, with scarse previous clinical signs. The diagnosis of this poisoningshould be based on the observation of the previous consumption of the plant, as well as observation of seeds and leaves of the plant intermixed with the ruminal content, since microscopic lesions are rare.Keywords: castor bean, pathology, neurological, sudden death, toxicology.

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“…Dentre essas causas, destacam-se, principalmente, em ordem de importância: intoxicação por Baccharis spp. (mio-mio) [10,13], acidose ruminal [1], intoxicação por arsênio [3] e intoxicação por Baccharidastrum triplinervium [5]. Nesses casos, as evidências epidemiológicas e anatomopatológicas são extremamente importantes na diferenciação de cada condição.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Entretanto, algumas diferenças com a toxicose aguda por flúor podem ser destacadas. A primeira delas está relacionada com os aspectos epidemiológicos, pois geralmente os casos de intoxicação por arsênio são secundários a aplicação de herbicidas a base desse semi-metal [3] e, consequentemente, é necessário um histórico de aplicação, o que não ocorreu neste surto. Além disso, morfologicamente são visualizadas graves lesões vasculares [3], alterações estas não observadas em nenhum caso deste estudo.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A primeira delas está relacionada com os aspectos epidemiológicos, pois geralmente os casos de intoxicação por arsênio são secundários a aplicação de herbicidas a base desse semi-metal [3] e, consequentemente, é necessário um histórico de aplicação, o que não ocorreu neste surto. Além disso, morfologicamente são visualizadas graves lesões vasculares [3], alterações estas não observadas em nenhum caso deste estudo. Embora a intoxicação por Baccharidastrum triplinervium represente outro diferencial da toxicose aguda por flúor, a doença é incomum em bovinos e normalmente os animais consomem quantidades pequenas da planta, causando apenas distúrbios gastrintestinais leves sem resultar em morte.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Acute Sodium Fluorosilicate Poisoning in Cattle

Panziera

Schwertz

Silva

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Fluorine is a ubiquitous environmental element and fluoride poisoning in cattle is usually related to the ingestion of contaminated pastures or water, especially near industries, or mineral supplements with excessive amounts of this element. Cattle poisoning can be acute or chronic and is directly associated with the ingested dose and with the duration of exposure. The objective of this study is to report the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of anoutbreak of acute sodium fluorosilicate intoxication in cattle.Case: Six 1-year-old, castrated male, mixed breed beef calves from a lot of 60 were found dead without previous clinical signs being observed. The calves died after ingesting a white, odorless, finely granular substance found by the owner near a road that intersected the property. The product was in an open package and identified as sodium fluorosilicate. Of the sixdead calves, three were necropsied. Gross lesions were restricted to the digestive system and included varying degrees of hyperemia, hemorrhage, edema, and erosions in the pre-stomach and abomasum mucosae. The histological lesions observed in the three calves were characterized mainly by variable degenerative, necrotic and ulcerative changes in the epitheliallining of the forestomachs and abomasum. Partially (erosion) or totally (ulceration) bare lamina propria of forestomach papillae was covered by cellular debris and neutrophils. Multifocal lymphoid necrosis was seen in lymph nodes and spleen. Fluoride levels measured in the ruminal content of two necropsied calves were 55.2 and 9.17 mgF/kg of dry matter. Afterthe diagnosis and discontinued exposure of the calves to the fluoride product, deaths ceased.Discussion: The diagnosis of acute sodium fluorosilicate intoxication in cattle in this study was based on epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological findings, and in the determination of fluoride levels in ruminal content. The association of these data constitutes an important aid in suspecting and confirming the diagnosis of intoxication. The acute toxicity of fluoride, observed in the cattle of this study, is relatively rare. The intake of sodium fluorosilicate by cattle may have been favored by the absence of organoleptic properties of the product. The involvement of young cattle revealed an important epidemiological aspect of the condition, since cattle in this age group are the most predisposed to the intoxication due to their greater absorption capacity. The spontaneous ingestion of large amounts of sodium fluorosilicate by cattle of this study produced digestive morphological changes, characterized by variable hyperemia, hemorrhage, and necrosis in the forestomachs and abomasum. The proposed mechanism of lesions is associated with the acidic activity exerted by fluoride on the mucosa. Acute toxicosis must be differentiated from other conditions that cause acute digestive changes in ruminantssuch as Baccharis spp. poisoning, ruminal acidosis, arsenic poisoning and Baccharidastrum triplinervium intoxication. In these cases, the epidemiological and anatomopathological evidences are extremely important in the differentiation of each condition. Therefore, cattle practitioners should consider acute fluoride poisoning as a differential diagnosis in cattle presenting digestive signs or death without previous signs. Epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological and the assessmentof fluoride levels are important for the accurate diagnosis of this toxicosis.Keywords: pathology, toxicology, diseases of cattle, digestive lesions, fluoride.

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Vascular injury in spontaneous subacute toxicosis caused by organic arsenic in cattle

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Spontaneous poisoning by Baccharis vulneraria Backer in cattle

Spontaneous poisoning by Baccharis vulneraria Backer in cattle

Spontaneous Poisoning by Ricinus communis in Sheep

Acute Sodium Fluorosilicate Poisoning in Cattle

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