Molecular survey of porcine teschovirus, porcine sapelovirus, and enterovirus G in captive wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) of Paraná state, Brazil

Abstract

RESUMO.-[Estudo molecular de teschovírus suíno, sapelovírus suíno e enterovírus G em javalis (Sus scrofa scrofa) de cativeiro no Paraná.] Teschovírus suíno (PTV), sapelovírus suíno (PSV) e enterovírus G (EV-G) são agentes infecciosos específicos da espécie suína que estão endemicamente disseminados em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a infecção natural por estes picornavírus entéricos suínos em javalis (Sus scrofa scrofa) do estado do Paraná, Brasil e avaliar pecaris (Pecari tajacu e Tayassu pecari) como hospedeiros alternativos para estes vírus. Amostras fecais (n=36) de javalis assintomáticos (n=22) com idades de 2 a 7 meses (jovens, n=14) e 2 a 4 anos (adultos, n=8) e de pecaris (6 a 8 meses de idade, n=14) foram coletadas em um cativeiro e zoológico, res- Porcine teschovirus (PTV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), and enterovirus G (EV-G) are infectious agents specific to pig host species that are endemically spread worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the natural infection by these porcine enteric picornaviruses in wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) of Paraná state, Brazil, and to evaluate peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari) as alternative host species for these viruses. Fecal samples (n=36) from asymptomatic wild boars (n=22) with ages ranging from 2 to 7 months old (young, n=14) and 2 to 4 years old (adult, n=8) and from peccaries (6 to 8 months old, n=14) were collected from a farm and a zoo, respectively, both located in Paraná state. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested-PCR (n-PCR) assays targeting the 5'non-translated region of the virus genome were used for screening the viruses. Porcine enteric picornaviruses were detected in 12 out of the 22 wild boar fecal samples. According to each of the viruses, EV-G was most frequently (11/22, 50%) detected, followed by PTV (10/22, 45.5%) and PSV (4/22, 18.2%). Regarding the age groups, young wild boars were more frequently (9/14, 64.3%) infected with PTV, PSV, and EV-G than adult animals (3/8, 37.4%). One n-PCR amplified product for each of the viruses was submitted to sequencing analysis and the nucleotide sequences were compared with the related viruses, which showed similarities varying from 97.7% to 100% for PTV, 92.4% to 96.2% for PSV, and 87

Longitudinal survey of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G fecal excretion in suckling and weaned pigs

“…The results in this study are in agreement with previous porcine enteric picornavirus-based studies conducted in Brazil that revealed that TV-A was detected most frequently (45%, 18/40), followed by EV-G (40%, 16/40); SV-A was the least (17.5%, 7/40) common virus present in the fecal samples evaluated and was not detected in the feces of suckling piglets [15]. In another Brazilian study in which fecal samples from wild boars were evaluated, the results revealed that EV-G was most frequently (11/22, 50%) detected, followed by TV-A (10/22, 45.5%) and SV-A (4/22, 18.2%) [16].…”

“…The nucleic acids were extracted from fecal suspensions using a combination of phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) and silica/guanidinium isothiocyanate extraction methods [18,19]. Fecal samples BRA/UEL1/11, BRA/ UEL-WB20/13, and BRA/UEL4/13, previously known as positive for TV-A, SV-A, and EV-G [15,16] and an aliquot of ultrapure autoclaved water were included as positive and negative controls, respectively, during the nucleic acid extraction and the following procedures. The presence of TV-A, SV-A, and EV-G ssRNA in fecal samples was determined using previously described RT-nested PCR assays [16,17].…”

“…Porcine enteric picornaviruses have been reported in domestic pigs and wild boars in Asia [3][4][5][6], Europe [7][8][9][10], North America [11,12], Central America [13,14], and South America [15,16]. Pigs of all ages are susceptible to infection with TV-A, SV-A, and EV-G, which are viruses that circulate worldwide in asymptomatic domestic pigs [10].…”

Characterization of porcine sapelovirus prevalent in western Jiangxi, China

“…Although PSV is ubiquitous and is associated with a variety of clinical symptoms in domestic and wild pigs, PSVs infecting swine are often ignored for their subclinical manifestations and co-infections with other pathogens [ 9 , 10 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a convenient, sensitive and accurate detection method for PSV early warning and rapid diagnosis.…”

Sapelovirus

“…The countries that confirmed the presence of PSVs are shown in Fig. 14.2 (Forman et al 1982;La Rosa et al 2006;Buitrago et al 2010;Lan et al 2011;Shan et al 2011;Cano-Gomez et al 2013;Schock et al 2014;Donin et al 2014Donin et al , 2015. The most immunodominant protein VP1 in the capsid of PSVs is used for estimating the divergence among the strains.…”