“…Thus, this section of the manuscript focuses on the effects of oral supplementation with individual TM on cattle health and immunity. During the last decades, numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of oral TM supplementation on beef cattle immunity, health and performance [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. However, other studies have shown marginal or insignificant effects of oral TM supplementation on beef cattle metabolism, growth, immunity and health [ 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ].…”