Surto de encefalomielite equina Leste na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Campos, Karinny Ferreira; Oliveira, Cairo Henrique Sousa de; Reis, Alessandra Belo; Yamasaki, Elise M.; Brito, Marilene de Farias; Andrade, Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo; Duarte, Marcos Dutra; Barbosa, José Diomedes

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2013000400005

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…During the past five years poor handling conditions of the horses had been observed, that showed severe health problems, nutritional deficiencies, and parasitic, bacterial and viral infections, such as encephalomyelitis, responsible for many deaths in the archipelago (Campos et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine infectious anemia on Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon river

et al. 2015

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Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a transmissible and incurable disease caused by a lentivirus, the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). There are no reports in the literature of this infection in Equidae on Marajo Island. The objective of this study was to diagnose the disease in the municipalities of Cachoeira do Arari, Salvaterra, Santa Cruz do Arari and Soure, on Marajó Island, state of Pará, Brazil. For serological survey samples were collected from 294 horses, over 5-month-old, males and females of puruca and marajoara breeds and from some half-breeds, which were tested by immunodiffusion in Agar gel (AGID). A prevalence of 46.26% (136/294) positive cases was found. EIA is considered endemic in the municipalities studied, due to the ecology of the region with a high numbered population of bloodsucking insect vectors and the absence of official measures for the control of the disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine infectious anemia on Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon river

et al. 2015

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“…Some domestic animals are also susceptible to sporadic cases of disease due to alphaviruses in Brazil. EEEV has been involved in outbreaks or isolated cases of encephalitis in equids in different regions of Brazil since the 1940s ( Carneiro & Cunha 1943 , Cunha 1945, Causey et al 1962 , Fernández et al 2000, Silva et al 2011 , Campos et al 2013 ). WEEV was isolated from brain tissue of an encephalitic horse in the 1960s, but has not been implicated in any other cases of equid disease in Brazil since then ( Bruno-Lobo et al 1961 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neutralising antibodies for Mayaro virus in Pantanal, Brazil

Pauvolid‐Corrêa

Juliano

Campos

et al. 2015

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The Pantanal hosts diverse wildlife species and therefore is a hotspot for arbovirus studies in South America. A serosurvey for Mayaro virus (MAYV), eastern (EEEV), western (WEEV) and Venezuelan (VEEV) equine encephalitis viruses was conducted with 237 sheep, 87 free-ranging caimans and 748 equids, including 37 collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. Sera were tested for specific viral antibodies using plaque-reduction neutralisation test. From a total of 748 equids, of which 264 were immunised with vaccine composed of EEEV and WEEV and 484 had no history of immunisation, 10 (1.3%) were seropositive for MAYV and two (0.3%) for VEEV using criteria of a ≥ 4-fold antibody titre difference. Among the 484 equids without history of immunisation, 48 (9.9%) were seropositive for EEEV and four (0.8%) for WEEV using the same criteria. Among the sheep, five were sero- positive for equine encephalitis alphaviruses, with one (0.4%) for EEEV, one (0.4%) for WEEV and three (1.3%) for VEEV. Regarding free-ranging caimans, one (1.1%) and three (3.4%), respectively, had low titres for neutralising antibodies to VEEV and undetermined alphaviruses. The neurological disorder outbreak could not be linked to the alphaviruses tested. Our findings represent strong evidence that MAYV and all equine encephalitis alphaviruses circulated in the Pantanal.

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“…Differential diagnoses of blindness in equine should be considered, such as compressive masses caused by lymphosarcoma [11,20] or other neoplasms [3], cholesterol granulomas [25], rabies [14], leukoencephalomalacia [4,19], trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma evansi infection [17,18], equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy type 1 [14], equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis [2], West Nile virus infection [22], infestation of Halicephalobus gingivalis [1], brain abscess [15], lesions due to ingestion of mycotoxin-contaminated foods [19], medication [24] or trauma [16]. The absence of inflammatory lesions in the optic nerve and the brain areas of the visual pathway of the equine presented in this report was an important morphological finding to rule out the other causes of blindness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Blindness Associated with a Pituitary Adenoma in a Mare

Daoualibi

Rocha

Brito

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Pituitary pars intermedia (PI) adenoma is a benign adenohypophysis neoplasm, rare in Brazil, which may compress adjacent structures and lead to dysfunctions of the endocrine organs. The most affected species are equines, particularly aged animals. This neoplastic disease is often associated with Cushing's syndrome, when the pituitary-adrenocortical axis is affected. However, this neoplasm is seldom associated with clinical blindness. This paper describes a case of pituitary pars intermedia (PI) adenoma which caused blindness in a mare.Case: An emaciated, blind mare that had difficulty finding water and food was referred to “Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais” of “Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro”, in Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and later to the “Setor de Anatomia Patológica” (SAP/UFRRJ) for necropsy. During necropsy it was found that the animal’s pituitary gland consisted of a circumscribed globous mass measuring 3.5x2.5x2.5 cm, symmetrical and well delimited at the sella turcica. Several organs were collected, fixed in 10% formalin and then processed for histological examination. The brain was subjected to serial cleavage along the path of the vision organs. All collected tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; the pituitary was stained with Schiff Periodic Acid (PAS) to differentiate neoplastic cells and with Luxol Fast Blue to evidence demyelination. Histopathology found that the pars intermedia (PI) was thickened and compressed the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis. Cells were arranged in a disorganized manner or formed follicles or cysts containing eosinophilic material (colloid), with granules strongly positive after staining with PAS. Proliferated cells were large, polyhedral to ovoid, and contained clear basophilic granular material. The nuclei were spherical to ovoid and there were light anisocytosis and anisocariasis. Cysts were frequently found in the pars intermedia (PI) and occasionally in the pars distalis. Mitoses were rare, less than one per field of greatest increase. In some areas of the pars intermedia (PI), cells were arranged in a solid manner forming spherical sub-nodules. An orange yellow pigment was observed in the pericary (lipofuscinosis) in various neurons of several areas of the central nervous system and of the trigeminal ganglion. In the optic tract, there were areas with moderate demyelination, evidenced by Luxol Fast Blue staining, and macrophages characterizing the so-called digestion chambers. In the right and left lateral geniculate nuclei a focal area of neurons with pyknotic and peripheral nuclei, marginal Nissl substance (central chromatolysis) and atypical and reactive astrocytes was observed, with increased volume, evident cytoplasm and nuclei with marginated chromatin which was sometimes reniform.Discussion: This paper presents the pathological findings obtained from a mare with central blindness due to pituitary pars intermedia adenoma. The analysis of the structures affected and correlation of alterations with the respective clinical signs are compared with alterations in other areas of the pituitary which generate clinical signals not observed in this mare, but which occur more often in equines with tumors in that organ. Thus, central and bilateral blindness was associated with compression of the optical tracts by the neoplastic mass and consequent death of neurons of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Pituitary PI adenoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for blindness.

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Surto de encefalomielite equina Leste na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Equine infectious anemia on Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon river

Equine infectious anemia on Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon river

Neutralising antibodies for Mayaro virus in Pantanal, Brazil

Central Blindness Associated with a Pituitary Adenoma in a Mare

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