Mortes súbitas em bovinos causadas por Palicourea aeneofusca (Rubiaceae) e Mascagnia rigida (Malpighiaceae) na Zona da Mata Paraibana

Abstract

This paper reports an outbreak of poisoning by Palicourea aeneofusca in cattle, in the municipality of Jacaraú, and another by Mascagnia rigida in the municipality of Sapé. Both outbreaks occurred in the Zona da Mata of Paraíba, where there are no previous reports of poisoning by toxic plants causing sudden death associated to exercise. The toxicity of both plants was tested in rabbits. The lethal dose was of 3g per kg body weight (g/kg) for fresh P. aeneofusca and 10g/kg for fresh Mascagnia rigida. On the farm where the poisoning by P. aeneofusca was observed, M. rigida also was found. The farmer reported that this plant also caused sudden death previously. M. rigida collected on that farm and given dried to rabbits caused death at the dose of 10gkg. The poisoning by P. aeneofusca in cattle had been previously reported in the Zona da Mata and Agreste of Pernambuco and east of Bahia. There are also numerous farmers' reports about the occurrence of the poisoning in the Zona da Mata of Alagoas, suggesting that it occurs in the whole coastal region, from Bahia to Paraíba. M. rigida is the most important toxic plant for cattle in the Brazilian semiarid. The results of this paper demonstrate that this plant poisoning also occurs in the tropical wet climate of the Zona da Mata.

Resistance transferance of Amorimia septentrionalis poisoning in goats by ruminal transferance fluid from goats with induced resistance by the inoculation of sodium monofluoroacetate-degrading bacteria

“…In the Krebs cycle, the MFA present in A. septentrionalis is transformed into fluorocitrate, and during this process, there is a drop in ATP production, which leads to blocking a series of energy-dependent metabolic processes (CLARKE, 1991) that can destabilize calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. The clinical signs exhibited by animals of Group 2 and the vacuolation of epithelial cells of distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys observed in the single animal that died are similar to those described previously in ruminants poisoned by MFA-containing plants (MEDEIROS et al, 2002;RIET-CORREA et al, 2006;SILVA et al 2008;VASCONCELOS et al, 2008;TOKARNIA et al, 2012;DUARTE et al, 2014).…”

“…septentrionalis, more commonly known as "tingui" (MAMEDE, 2010), is part of an important group of toxic plants in Brazil that contain sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA) (LEE et al, 2012) and cause sudden death in cattle (TOKARNIA et al 1994, MEDEIROS et al 2002, goats (OLIVEIRA et al, 1978) and sheep (SILVA et al, 2008). This group of plants, including Amorimia spp.…”

Intoxicação por Amorimia spp. em ruminantes

“…A brotação também pode ocorrer após queimadas, também considerado como o período de maior número de casos de intoxicações (BORBOLETA, 2010;TOKARNIA et al, 2012). Sob condições naturais, a intoxicação por A. rigida ocorre principalmente na espécie bovina (TOKARNIA et al, 1961(TOKARNIA et al, , 1994MEDEIROS et al, 2002;SILVA et al, 2006;VASCONCELOS et al, 2008b); é menos frequente em caprinos (OLIVEIRA et al, 1978) e ovinos (PACÍFICO DA SILVA et al, 2008;LAGO et al, 2009). Experimentalmente, a intoxicação foi reproduzida nessas três espécies (TOKARNIA et al, 1961(TOKARNIA et al, , 1994SANTOS 1975;PARAGUASSU, 1983;PACÍFICO DA SILVA et al, 2008;VASCONCELOS et al, 2008a;LAGO et al, 2009).…”

“…Geralmente, não há lesões macroscópicas de signifi cância, no entanto, lesões típicas de insufi ciência cardíaca aguda, tais como mucosas levemente cianóticas, petéquias e equimoses no epicárdio, ingurgitamento jugular, hidropericárdio, coágulos no interior do ventrículo esquerdo, edema pulmonar e congestão hepática e do trato gastrintestinal podem ser encontrados (TOKARNIA et al, 1961(TOKARNIA et al, , 1994PARAGUASSU, 1983;PACÍFICO DA SILVA et al, 2008;VASCONCELOS et al, 2008b;PAVARINI et al, 2011). O coração com aspecto globular e áreas esbranquiçadas no miocárdio também é característico (SOARES et al, 2012) Histologicamente, no coração, observa-se necrose de coagulação no miocárdio, caracterizada por retração celular, aumento da eosinofi lia do citoplasma com perda das estriações, vacúolos intracitoplasmáticos, vacúolos intranucleares com marginalização da cromatina e núcleos picnóticos e, ocasionalmente, em cariorrexia ou cariólise .…”

Spontaneous and experimental poisoning of cattle by Palicourea aeneofusca in the region of Pernambuco and induction of conditioned food aversion

“…Arg.) Standl., (Rubiaceae) is the most important toxic plant for cattle on the coast and northeastern forests of Brazil (TOKARNIA et al, 1983;VASCONCELOS et 2008). In most cases, the prophylaxis for poisoning by toxic plants in Brazil involves ineffective measures such as avoiding excessive grazing, building fences to isolate infested areas, and elimination of toxic species by manual removal, herbicides, mowing, and plowing.…”