Efeitos da terapia estro-raloxifeno sobre o endométrio de ratas

Moraes, Alexandre Vieira Santos; Simões, Ricardo Santos; Fonzar, Ligia; Simões, Manuel de Jesus; Soares, José Maria; Haidar, Mauro Abi; Baracat, Edmund Chada

doi:10.1590/s0100-72032006000200005

Cited by 4 publications

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References 24 publications

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“…The combination of raloxifene with estrogens have been described both in vitro and in vivo (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). The antagonistic effect of different SERMs (raloxifene, tamoxifen, bazedoxifene, and lasofoxifene) on estradiol-treated endometrial epithelial Ishikawa cells has been demonstrated by altered expression of different genes (HOXA10, LIF, PR, and EMX2) (16).…”

Section: ' Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue-selective estrogen complex, which comprises the combination of estrogen with a SERM, has been explored in attempts to optimize hormone replacement therapy and reduce adverse outcomes (15), including endometrial proliferation. Combinations of various estrogen formulations and raloxifene have been described both in vitro and in vivo (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24), and have yielded controversial results regarding cell proliferation patterns in the endometrium, bone, and breast tissues. The combination of CE and raloxifene could potentially minimize the undesirable effects of estrogen on the uterus and breast tissues, and allow the beneficial agonistic effects of estrogen in other estrogen target-tissues (25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Raloxifene Combined with Low-dose Conjugated Estrogen on the Endometrium in Menopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer

Carneiro¹,

Spadella²,

Souza³

et al. 2021

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OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of low-dose conjugated estrogen (CE), raloxifene, and the combination thereof on the endometrium of postmenopausal women. METHODS: Postmenopausal women between 45 and 60 years of age, with Gail score≥1.67 and no endometrial disorders, were randomly assigned to receive low-dose CE (0.3 mg), raloxifene (60 mg), or combined therapy for 1 year. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed at baseline and every 3 months; the Kupperman Index was assessed at baseline and every 6 months. Endometrial biopsies were performed if endometrial thickness (ET) was ≥5 mm or if vaginal bleeding occurred. The primary outcome was the occurrence of ET≥5 mm over the one-year period. RESULTS: Seventy-three women were randomly assigned and analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis. Eight, three, and four women in the CE, raloxifene, and combination groups, respectively, exhibited ET≥5 mm. No genital bleeding was reported in the combination group. Endometrial biopsy revealed atrophy or polyps in all groups, with one patient in the CE group exhibiting a proliferative endometrium without atypia. At 6 months, there was a progressive increase in mean ET in the CE group, but not in the other two groups, with statistically significant differences at 6, 9, and 12 months. Mean scores for vasomotor symptoms and Kupperman Index favored the CE and combination groups over raloxifene. CONCLUSION: Combined raloxifene and low-dose CE decreased the severity of menopausal symptoms to a similar extent as CE alone and had similar effects as raloxifene alone on the endometrium.

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