Hidrólise do óleo de Azadirachta indica em água subcrítica e determinação da composição dos triacilglicerídeos e ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução a alta temperatura e cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução acoplada à espectrometria de massas

Pinto, Jair Sebastião da Silva; Lanças, Fernando Mauro

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422010000200029

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1), commonly known as Neem or Margosa, is a tree belonging to the Meliaceae family and the Rutules order, used since the dawn of civilization and standing out as one of the most versatile plants worldwide [1][2][3]5,9,[17][18][19][20]. This tree is original from India and the Southeast of Asia but nowadays its presence is disseminated around the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries like Brazil [1][2][3]5,7,8,[19][20][21]. Neem is characterized as a perennial, small to medium-sized (10 to 15 m) and fast-growing tree [1,3,20,21].…”

Section: Azadirachta Indicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, bioactivities, extraction and analysis of azadirachtin: State-of-the-art

et al. 2019

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Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) is an Indian tree recognized for its activity as pesticide, as well as several pharmacological properties. Among the various compounds already isolated and studied from Neem tree, azadirachtin (AZA) was identified as the main bioactive compound. Azadirachtin can be found at different parts of the Neem plant but assumes its maximum concentration at the seed level. This compound features a quite complex chemical structure, which justifies the 20-plus-year difficulty to identify the synthetic pathway that subsequently permitted to carry out its artificial synthesis. Azadirachtin is widely used as a basis for production of biopesticides; nevertheless, other properties have been recognized for this substance, among which the an-ticancer and antimalarial activity stand out. The methods available for azadirachtin extraction are diverse, including solid-liquid extraction and extraction with solvents at high or low temperatures. Alcohol based solvents are associated with higher extraction yields and are therefore preferred for the isolation of azadirachtin from plant parts. Clean-up of the extracts is generally required for further purification. The highest azadirachtin levels have been obtained from Neem seeds but concentration values present a large variation between batches. Therefore, in addition to extraction procedures, it is essential to establish routine methods for azadirachtin identification and quantification. Chromatography-based techniques are preferably selected for detection and quantification of azadirachtin in plant matrices. Overall, this process will guarantee a future reproducible, safe and effective use of the extracts in formulations for commercial applications.

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Section: Azadirachta Indicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, bioactivities, extraction and analysis of azadirachtin: State-of-the-art

et al. 2019

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“…As such, water has a completely different behavior, switching from a polar to a relative nonpolar molecule, because the shared electron between oxygen and hydrogen atoms tends to circulate more evenly, reducing the oxygen electronegativity (Zhang, 2010). Simultaneously, under hydrothermal conditions, water dissociation increases dramatically (K w ~10 -11 ) as temperature increases, creating a highly favorable environment for hydrolysis (Pinto and Lanças, 2010;Zhang, 2010 Therefore, not only the solid yield but also its chemical characteristics can be very different, according to the temperature of the process, different biochars will result from these hydrothermal processes.…”

Section: A) Hydrothermal Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

159

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Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios (Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been carried out and now a vast literature, and excellent reviews, are available. The objective of this paper is therefore to deliver a critical review with some highlights on biochar research, rather than an exhaustive bibliographic review. To this end, some key points considered critical and relevant were selected and the pertinent literature "condensed", with a view to guide future research, rather than analyze trends of the past.

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“…Processes traditionally employed for FFA production are chemical and enzymatic. The chemical process is characterized by involving high temperatures and pressures, and different reaction times [14]. The products thus obtained are quite varied in nature and purity, acquiring undesirable odors and coloration, and in some cases, the denaturation of constituents may occur [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Additives and Process Variables on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Macauba Kernel Oil (Acrocomia aculeata)

Raspe

Cardozo‐Filho²,

Silva

2013

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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This work investigates the production of free fatty acids (FFAs) from the enzymatic hydrolysis of macauba kernel oil. Experiments evaluate the effect of different enzymes and the addition of salts, surfactants, and solvents to the reaction medium, as well as the effect of process variables. Results showed that FFA yields obtained for use of Lipozyme RM IM were higher than those obtained from Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme 435. The addition of salts and surfactants did not promote increased production of FFAs, while addingn-hexane and heptane to the reaction medium led to an increased reaction rate. It can be observed for the results that the temperature, water : oil mass ratio, and enzyme percentage had positive effects on the FFA yield in the range of 35°C to 55°C, 1 : 20 to 1 : 2, and 1 to 15%, respectively, and that, from these limits, increases in these variables did not cause significant increase in FFA yields. The addition of buffer promoted an increase in yield FFAs, as well as the pH of the buffer, and it was reported that an agitation of 400 rpm resulted in the highest yields in the investigated range.

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Hidrólise do óleo de Azadirachta indica em água subcrítica e determinação da composição dos triacilglicerídeos e ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução a alta temperatura e cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução acoplada à espectrometria de massas

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Chemistry, bioactivities, extraction and analysis of azadirachtin: State-of-the-art

Chemistry, bioactivities, extraction and analysis of azadirachtin: State-of-the-art

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Effect of Additives and Process Variables on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Macauba Kernel Oil (Acrocomia aculeata)

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