Composição química e atividades biológicas das folhas de Cynara scolymus L. (alcachofra) cultivada no Brasil

Noldin, Vânia Floriani; Filho, Valdir Cechinel; Monachè, Franco Delle; Benassi, Jean Carlo; Christmann, Irma Luiza; Pedrosa, Rozangela Curi; Yunes, Rosendo A.

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422003000300008

Cited by 61 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Our results showed that the main constituents are glycosyl flavonoids (cynaroside and scolymoside), along with cynaropicrin and lupeol. 10) More recently, we have also demonstrated that methanolic extract of C. scolymus exhibits an antispasmodic profile against the action of acetylcholine on preparations with isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat duoden, by using experimental models in vitro. 11) In order to elucidate the antispasmodic component(s) of this plant, we carried out a bio-guided assay against acetylcholine in guinea pig-ileum.…”

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confidence: 90%

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Antispasmodic Activity of Fractions and Cynaropicrin from Cynara scolymus on Guinea-Pig Ileum

Emendörfer

Noldin

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Cynara scolymus (Compositae), popularly known as "alcachofra" or "artichoke", is widely cultivated In Mediterranean and American countries, and its sprout is commonly eaten as a vegetable. Its leaves are frequently used in folk medicine in many countries, to treat several ailments, including hepatitis, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, dyspeptic disorder, among others. Clinical and pre-clinical trials have confirmed the therapeutic potential of this plant, particularly in the treatment of hepato-biliary dysfunction and digestive complaints, and also its effectiveness in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and hyperlipoproteinemia, as well as its choleretic and antioxidant effects. 1-5)The literature reports several phenolic compounds as the main chemical constituents of artichoke leaves, such as cynarin, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, luteolin, cynaroside and scolymoside, and sesquiterpenes, such as cynaropicrin, which are indicated as the active principles of this plant. [6][7][8][9] In previous studies conducted in our laboratories, we have described the chemical and biological activities (cytotoxic and diuretic) of artichoke cultivated in Brazil. Our results showed that the main constituents are glycosyl flavonoids (cynaroside and scolymoside), along with cynaropicrin and lupeol.10) More recently, we have also demonstrated that methanolic extract of C. scolymus exhibits an antispasmodic profile against the action of acetylcholine on preparations with isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat duoden, by using experimental models in vitro. 11)In order to elucidate the antispasmodic component(s) of this plant, we carried out a bio-guided assay against acetylcholine in guinea pig-ileum. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant Material, Preparation of Fractions and Isolation of CynaropicrinLeaves of Cynara scolymus were picked, in February 2000, from the "Central de Plantas" at Curitiba, in the State of Parana, southern Brazil. Air-dried leaves (1900 g) were macerated with methanol at room temperature for approximately 7 d, followed by the removal of solvent under reduced pressure to obtain the crude methanolic extract (CME). Afterwards, the CME was suspended in water and successively partitioned with solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol), yielding the respective fractions, according to the method previously described.12) The most active fraction, dichloromethane, was studied in more detail, and the most potent subfraction furnished the compound cynaropicrin, which was directly compared with an authentic sample previously isolated by us.10) All the fractions and compounds were dissolved in ethanol solution (10%) at the desired concentration, immediately prior to biological use.Animals Guinea-pigs (300-400 g) of both sexes were kept in automatically controlled temperature conditions (23Ϯ2°C), in 12 h light-dark cycles and with food and water "ad libitum". The animals were kept in the laboratory for 48 h prior to the experiments and their food was restrained 24 h before the experiments.Evalua...

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“…10) All the fractions and compounds were dissolved in ethanol solution (10%) at the desired concentration, immediately prior to biological use.…”

Section: Plant Material Preparation Of Fractions and Isolation Of Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antispasmodic Activity of Fractions and Cynaropicrin from Cynara scolymus on Guinea-Pig Ileum

Emendörfer

Noldin

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Among these biological assays it is the toxicity test with Artemia salina (BST-Brine Shrimp Test) which was developed to detect bioactive compounds in plant extracts (Meyer et al, 1982;Noldin et al, 2003). This test is a simple method in the research of natural products, which has a good correlation with tests of acute oral toxicity in vivo (Parra et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of clove essential oil and its ester eugenyl acetate against Artemia salina

et al. 2017

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The production of compounds via enzymatic esterification has great scientific and technological interest due to the several inconveniences related to acid catalysis, mainly by these systems do not fit to the concept of "green chemistry". Besides, natural products as clove oil present compounds with excellent biological potential. Bioactives compounds are often toxic at high doses. The evaluation of lethality in a less complex animal organism can be used to a monitoring simple and rapid, helping the identification of compounds with potential insecticide activity against larvae of insect vector of diseases. In this sense, the toxicity against Artemia salina of clove essential oil and its derivative eugenyl acetate obtained by enzymatic esterification using Novozym 435 as biocatalyst was evaluated. The conversion of eugenyl acetate synthesis was 95.6%. The results about the evaluation of toxicity against the microcrustacean Artemia salina demonstrated that both oil (LC 50 = 0.5993 µg.mL -1 ) and ester (LC 50 = 0.1178 µg.mL -1 ) presented high toxic potential, being the eugenyl acetate almost 5 times more toxic than clove essential oil. The results reported here shows the potential of employing clove oil and eugenyl acetate in insecticide formulations.Keywords: Novozym 435, Caryophyllus aromaticus, enzymatic esterification.Toxicidade do óleo essencial de cravo e seu éster acetato de eugenila contra Artemia salina ResumoA produção de compostos via esterificação enzimática possui grande interesse científico e tecnológico devido às inúmeras inconveniências relacionadas com a catálise ácida, principalmente por estes sitemas não se adequarem ao atual termo "tecnologias limpas". Além disso, produtos naturais como o óleo de cravo, apresentam compostos com excelentes potenciais biológicos. Compostos bioativos são quase sempre tóxicos em altas doses. A avaliação da letalidade em um organismo animal menos complexo pode ser usada para um monitoramento simples e rápido, servindo também para a identificação de compostos com potencial atividade inseticida contra larvas de insetos vetores de doenças. Neste sentido, foi determinada a toxicidade frente a Artemia salina do óleo essencial de cravo e do seu derivado acetato de eugenila obtido por esterificação enzimática com lipase Novozym 435. A conversão da reação de síntese de acetato de eugenila foi de 95,6%. Os resultados referentes à avaliação da toxicidade frente ao microcrustáceo Artemia salina demonstraram que tanto o óleo (LC 50 = 0,5993 µg.mL -1 ) quanto o éster (LC 50 = 0,1178 µg.mL -1 ) apresentam elevado potencial toxicológico, sendo que o éster apresenta aproximadamente 5 vezes mais toxicidade em relação ao óleo. Estes resultados demonstram o potencial emprego do óleo de cravo e de acetato de eugenila em formulações de inseticidas.Palavras-chave: Novozym 435, Caryophyllus aromaticus, esterificação enzimática.

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“…In this study, the absence of cynarin was noted in the leaf extract and two of the three commercial herbal medicines. Also, previous studies performed with globe artichoke leaves grown in Brazil reported only traces of cynarin (Noldin et al, 2003;Costa et al, 2005). Moreover, the high chemical instability of cynarin makes it difficult to detect it in the final product (Guimarães et al, 2007;Carvalho et al, 2004).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Commercial Products and Dry Leaf Extractmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification and quantification of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in Cynara scolymus L. tablets and capsules

Carneiro¹,

Barros²,

Freitas³

et al. 2017

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Cynara scolymus L. leaves, popularly known as globe artichoke, have cholagogue and choleretic properties which are attributed to caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Although, there are already pharmacopoeial methods for quality control of artichoke dry leaf extract, it only shows the assessment of chlorogenic acid determination. This study aimed to adapt and validate a method for simultaneous determination of neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, cynarin and isochlorogenic acids A and C in tablets or capsules of globe artichoke leaf extract herbal medicines. Also, it evaluated the content of these caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in three commercial products and leaf extract. The validation considered the parameters of selectivity, precision, linearity, quantification and detection limits and accuracy. The method proved to be selective, precise and accurate. Commercial products and leaf extract had significantly different concentrations of standard compounds which may bring an impact on therapeutic outcomes. The method proposed was suitable for the identification and quantification of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in tablets and capsules and could be used in quality control, ensuring the safety and efficacy of commercially prepared herbal medicines.

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Composição química e atividades biológicas das folhas de Cynara scolymus L. (alcachofra) cultivada no Brasil

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Antispasmodic Activity of Fractions and Cynaropicrin from Cynara scolymus on Guinea-Pig Ileum

Antispasmodic Activity of Fractions and Cynaropicrin from Cynara scolymus on Guinea-Pig Ileum

Toxicity of clove essential oil and its ester eugenyl acetate against Artemia salina

Identification and quantification of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in Cynara scolymus L. tablets and capsules

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