Diagnosis of the nutrient compositional space of fruit crops

Abstract

-Tissue analysis is a useful tool for the nutrient management of fruit orchards. The mineral composition of diagnostic tissues expressed as nutrient concentration on a dry weight basis has long been used to assess the status of 'pure' nutrients. When nutrients are mixed and interact in plant tissues, their proportions or concentrations change relatively to each other as a result of synergism, antagonism, or neutrality, hence producing resonance within the closed space of tissue composition. Ternary diagrams and nutrient ratios are early representations of interacting nutrients in the compositional space. Dual and multiple interactions were integrated by the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) into nutrient indexes and by Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis into centered log ratios (CND-clr). DRIS has some computational flaws such as using a dry matter index that is not a part as well as nutrient products (e.g. NxCa) instead of ratios. DRIS and CND-clr integrate all possible nutrient interactions without defining an ad hoc interactive model. They diagnose D components while D-1 could be diagnosed in the D-compositional Hilbert space. The isometric log ratio (ilr) coordinates overcome these problems using orthonormal binary nutrient partitions instead of dual ratios. In this study, it is presented a nutrient interactive model as well as computation methods for DRIS and CND-clr and CND-ilr coordinates (CND-ilr) using leaf analytical data from an experimental apple orchard in Southwestern Quebec, Canada. It was computed the Aitchison and Mahalanobis distances across ilr coordinates as measures of nutrient imbalance. The effect of changing nutrient concentrations on ilr coordinates are simulated to identify the ones contributing the most to nutrient imbalance. Index terms: Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND), centred log ratio (CND-clr), isometric log ratio (CND-ilr), Aitchison distance, Mahalanobis distance. DIAGNÓSE DA COMPOSIÇÃO NUTRICIONAL EM PLANTAS FRUTÍFERASRESUMO -A análise do tecido é uma ferramenta útil para o manejo de nutrientes em pomares de frutas. A composição mineral dos tecidos diagnósticos expressa a concentração de nutrientes em relação à matéria seca e, tem sido muito utilizada para avaliar o status dos nutrientes "puros". Quando os nutrientes interagem nos tecidos vegetais, suas proporções ou concentrações mudam relativamente entre si, como resultado do sinergismo, do antagonismo, ou da neutralidade, produzindo, portanto, uma ressonância dentro do espaço fechado da composição do tecido. Os diagramas ternários e as relações entre nutrientes são as representações iniciais da interação de nutrientes no espaço da composição. As interações duplas e múltiplas foram integradas pelo Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS) nos índices de nutrientes, e pela Diagnose da Composição Nutricional nas relações do log centralizado (CND-clr). O DRIS possui algumas falhas computacionais, tais como a utilização de um índice...

Avaliação nutricional de feijoeiro irrigado pelos métodos CND, DRIS e faixas de suficiência

“…Nessas lavouras, os índices nutricionais para o CND (IZ), de cada nutriente, foram calculados pela expressão: IZ = (vX -mX)/sX, em que vX representa a variável multinutriente para cada um dos nutrientes; e mX e sX, respectivamente, as normas e o desvio-padrão das relações multivariadas (Parent, 2011). …”

Normal nutrient ranges and nutritional monitoring of 'Pêra' orange trees based on the CND method in different fruiting stages

“…Once the reference population was defined, the CND method (Parent, 2011) was used to identify the leaf nutrient concentrations in the samples that were sufficiently high, for each fruiting stage. To this end, the leaf concentration of nutrients in all plots, regardless of the sampling time, was adjusted to a same measure unit (dag kg -1 ).…”

“…From the standards, the CND indices were calculated by the log-centered multivariate correlation (Parent, 2011), for each of the evaluated nutrients: I_X = (zX -mX)/sX; in which I_X represents the CND index; mX is the mean norm; and sX is the standard deviation norm.…”

“…The CND corresponds to the natural logarithm of the relationship between the evaluated nutrient and the geometric mean of the nutritional composition in the leaf sample (Parent, 2011). Therefore, unlike the original DRIS method (Beaufils, 1973), CND does not consider the relationship between the contents of two discretionary nutrients.…”

Calagem, adubação e nutrição mineral de Anonáceas

“…As O método CND apresenta inúmeras vantagens sobre os demais (PARENT, 2011), pois gera um fator de correção para qualquer nutriente, colocando todos os elementos essenciais em análise (multinutriente), enquanto o DRIS promove um fator de correção simples, para a relação de nutrientes dois a dois. Desse modo, o CND expande o conceito do DRIS de um espaço bidimensional para um multidimensional, além de indicar um padrão nutricional específico para cada frutífera (PARENT, et al, 2013).…”