Clonagem do camu-camu arbustivo em porta-enxertos de camu-camu arbustivo e arbóreo

Abstract

RESUMO-O camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh), espécie frutífera nativa da Amazônia, de porte arbustivo, é propagado, normalmente, por sementes, ocasionando grande variação na entrada em frutificação e no ciclo de produção, bem como no teor de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) dos frutos. Outra espécie de camu-camu, M. fl oribunda (West ex Willd.) O. Berg, de porte arbóreo, ocorre em menor densidade na região amazônica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a efi ciência de diferentes métodos de enxertia e a compatibilidade interespecífi ca entre camu-camu arbustivo e camu-camu arbóreo na fase de formação de mudas de M. dubia. O ensaio foi desenvolvido no período de março a agosto de 2008, no Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, em Manaus-AM, com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 (métodos de enxertia) x 2 (espécies de porta-enxerto), com quatro repetições. M. dubia, como porta-enxerto, apresentou melhor percentual de pegamento de enxertos (78,4%), comparada a M. fl oribunda (49,3%). Os melhores resultados na clonagem de M. dubia foram obtidos pelos métodos de garfagem, em que a parte aérea do porta-enxerto foi removida após 30 dias da enxertia: fenda lateral (89,3%) e lateral com lingueta (79,3%). O menor resultado foi obtido nos métodos de garfagem, em que a parte aérea do porta-enxerto foi removida na ocasião da enxertia: topo em fenda cheia (51,6%) e inglês complicado (31,5%). Termos para indexação: Myrtaceae, propagação vegetativa, garfagem, muda. CLONING OF SHRUBBY CAMU-CAMU ON SHRUBBY AND ARBOREAL CAMU-CAMU ROOTSTOCKSABSTRACT-The camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh) is a shrubby indigenous fruit species found in the fl oodplains of Amazonia region. There is considerable local and international commercial interest in this fruit, because of its high Vitamin C content. The species is commonly propagated by seeds, showing considerable variation in age of bearing, production cycle, fruit yields and Vitamin C contents. Another species, Myrciaria fl oribunda (West ex Willd.) O. Berg, occurs less frequently in the region. The present study evaluated different types of grafting, and interspecifi c compatibility between shrubby and arboreal camu-camu to obtain cloned plants of M. dubia. The experiment was carried out from March to August 2008 at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, in a randomized complete blocks design arranged as a 4 (type of grafting) x 2 (rootstock species) factorial plan, with 4 replicates. M. dubia as rootstock was better in regard to grafting sticking (78,4%) than M. fl oribunda (49,3%). The best results of M. dubia grafting were attained when the rootstock crown was cut off 30 days after grafting: side cleft graft (89,3%) and side-tongue graft (79,3%). On the other hand, the performance of both rootstocks was lower with the types of grafting where the rootstock crown was cut off at the same time as grafted: cleft graft (51,6%) and whip and tongue graft (31,5%).

Vegetative propagation and application of clonal forestry in Brazilian native tree species

“…Similar to the cuttings technique, grafting can be used both for the vegetative rescue of genetic genotypes of interest and for propagation on a commercial scale (Pereira & Leal, 2012;Wendling et al, 2017b). Grafting, as a propagation technique, has a wide application in native species, especially in fruit trees, when the main objective is to maintain the maturity of the propagules (Moreira Filho & Ferreira, 2009), resulting in early flowering and, therefore, early production, besides reducing plant size (Wendling et al, 2017b).…”

Interculturalidad, educación, ciencias, desarrollo y sociedad

“…"Camu-camu propagation is usually by seeds, which results, when cultivated, in large variability of plants and fruits, different cycles, and production of vitamin C, since the species is at early domestication stages" (Moreira Filho & Ferreira, 2009;Chagas et al, 2012). "Propagation by cuttings has been the most used method for the maintenance of the genetic characteristics of the stock plants, aiming at uniformity, size reduction and precocity" (Hartmann et al, 2011).…”