Identification and field evaluation of the sex pheromone of a Brazilian population of Spodoptera cosmioides

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to identify the sex pheromone of Spodoptera cosmioides and to evaluate whether there is pheromone cross-attraction in Spodoptera sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Spodoptera cosmioides gland extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Wind tunnel and electrophysiology experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of gland compounds. In the field, different pheromone traps were tested: S. frugiperda commercial lure; (9Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc) and (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9,E12-14:OAc) trap; two females of S. cosmioides trap; and hexane control trap. Four acetates were identified in the S. cosmioides female gland extracts as Z9-14:OAc, Z9,E12-14:OAc, (11Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc) and hexadecyl acetate (16:OAc), but only the first two acetates induced electrophysiological responses from S. cosmioides male antennae. In wind tunnel experiments, S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda males responded more strongly to conspecific blends; however, there was some cross-attraction, as 47% males of S. frugiperda and 25% males of S. cosmioides responded to heterospecific blends. In field experiments, S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides showed the same response pattern as observed in the wind tunnel bioassays. In summary, the sex pheromone components of S. cosmioides are Z9-14:OAc and Z9,E12-14OAc; they are important for conferring species specificity, and there is pheromone-mediated cross attraction between S. frugiperda and S. cosmioides.Index terms: (9Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, cross-attraction, electrophysiology, pest monitoring, pheromone traps. Identificação e avaliação em campo do feromônio sexual de uma população brasileira de Spodoptera cosmioidesResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o feromônio sexual de Spodoptera cosmioides e avaliar se existe atração cruzada em Spodoptera sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Extratos de glândulas de S. cosmioides foram analisados por GC-FID e GC-MS. A ação dos compostos encontrados nas glândulas foi avaliada por meio de bioensaios em túnel de vento e eletrofisiologia. Em campo, testaram-se diferentes armadilhas feromonais: com feromônio comercial de S. frugiperda; com acetato de (9Z)-9-tetradecenila (Z9-14:OAc) e acetato de (9Z,12E)-9,12-tetradecadienila (Z9,E12-14:OAc); com duas fêmeas de S. cosmioides; e controle com hexano. Quatro acetatos foram identificados nas glândulas de fêmeas de S. cosmioides como Z9-14:OAc, Z9,E12-14:OAc, (11Z)-acetato de hexadecenila e acetato de hexadecila (16:OAc), mas somente os dois primeiros acetatos induziram resposta eletrofisiológica nas antenas de machos de S. cosmioides. Nos bioensaios em túnel de vento, machos de S. cosmioides e S. frugiperda responderam em maior número à mistura de coespecíficos; no entanto, houve atração cruzada, uma vez que 47% dos machos de S. frugiperda e 25% dos machos de S. cosmioides responderam à mistura heteroespecífica. Nos experimentos em campo, S. frugiperda e S. cosmioides mostraram o mesmo padrão de...

First record of Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

“…Other studies have focused on the interactions of S. cosmioides with intrinsic defenses of the plants themselves, chemical insecticides and Bt proteins (BERGAMASCO et al, 2013;BERNARDI et al, 2014;BOIÇA Jr. et al 2015;SILVA et al, 2016;MACHADO et al, 2020;QUEIROZ et al, 2020). In addition, several studies have been devoted to studying semiochemicals (BLASSIOLI-MORAES et al, 2016) and interactions with natural enemies, especially parasitoids of eggs, larvae and pupae (GOULART et al, 2011a;2011b;ZACHÉ et al 2012;CABEZAS et al 2013a;FREITAS et al, 2018;.…”

Influence of semiochemicals present in the scales of Spodoptera frugiperda on chemotactic behavior of Trichogramma pretiosum

“…In the present study, Z 11‐16:OAC was released at 0.06 ng mg −1 , 2× less than Z 9‐14:OAC. This compound is also produced in several other species of moths, always as a minor component in the pheromonal mixture, e.g., in Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Blassioli‐Moraes et al, 2016), Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Teal et al, 1985), Spodoptera desconsi Lalanne‐Cassou & Silvain (Monti et al, 1997), Sp odoptera praefica (Grote) (Landolt et al, 2003), Sp odoptera sunia (Guen) (Bestmann et al, 1988), and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Mitchell & Tumlinson, 1994). Our study found that the response of T. pretiosum to this pheromone is dose dependent and that the proportion between the compounds may help them distinguish different hosts in the field.…”

Oviposition behaviour and electrophysiological responses of Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) to essential oils and chemical compounds

“…Experimentally, these stimuli can be detected by gas chromatography coupled to electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). This technique has greatly aided the discovery of compounds with an attractive (Rojas et al 2006;Milet-Pinheiro et al 2013Blassioli-Moraes et al 2016;Yan et al 2018) and insect-repellent actions (Yang et al 2009;Zhang et al 2013;Uniyal et al 2014), be they major or minor compounds (Mccormick et al 2014). Substances with attractive action, such as pheromones, have been used in pest monitoring and controlling for mass collection and mating disruption (Zarbin & Rodrigues 2009;Cui & Zhu 2016;El-Shafie & Faleiro 2017).…”

“…2013, 2015; Blassioli‐Moraes et al . 2016; Yan et al . 2018) and insect‐repellent actions (Yang et al .…”