Classification and fingerprinting of different berries based on biochemical profiling and antioxidant capacity

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the biochemical composition of six berry types belonging to Fragaria, Rubus, Vaccinium and Ribes genus. Fruit samples were collected in triplicate (50 fruit each) from 18 different species or cultivars of the mentioned genera, during three years (2008 to 2010). Content of individual sugars, organic acids, flavonols, and phenolic acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, while total phenolics (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), by using spectrophotometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) were performed to evaluate the differences in fruit biochemical profile. The highest contents of bioactive components were found in Ribes nigrum and in Fragaria vesca, Rubus plicatus, and Vaccinium myrtillus. PCA and CA were able to partially discriminate between berries on the basis of their biochemical composition. Individual and total sugars, myricetin, ellagic acid, TPC and TAC showed the highest impact on biochemical composition of the berry fruits. CA separated blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry as isolate groups, while classification of strawberry, black and red currant in a specific group has not occurred. There is a large variability both between and within the different types of berries. Metabolite fingerprinting of the evaluated berries showed unique biochemical profiles and specific combination of bioactive compound contents.Index terms: bioactive compounds, metabolite fingerprinting, multivariate analysis, nutraceuticals, small fruits. Classificação e diversidade de pequenas frutas quanto ao perfil bioquímico e capacidade antioxidanteResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição bioquímica de seis espécies de pequenas frutas dos gêneros Fragaria, Rubus, Vaccinium e Ribes. As amostras das frutas foram coletadas em triplicata (com 50 frutas cada) de 18 diferentes espécies ou cultivares dos gêneros mencionados, durante três anos (2008 a 2010). Os teores individuais de açúcares, ácidos orgânicos, flavonóis e ácidos fenólicos foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC), e os fenóis totais (FT) e a capacidade antioxidante total (CAT), por meio de espectrofotometria. As análises de componente principal (ACP) e de agrupamento hierárquico (AH) foram utilizadas para avaliar as diferenças no perfil bioquímico das frutas. Os maiores teores de compostos bioativos foram encontrados em Ribes nigrum e em Fragaria vesca, Rubus plicatus e Vaccinium myrtillus. ACP e AH foram capazes de discriminar parcialmente as frutas com base em sua composição bioquímica. Os acúcares totais e individuais, a miricetina, o ácido elágico, FT e CAT foram os parâmetros que mais impactaram na avaliação da composição bioquímica das pequenas frutas. AH fez a separação de amora-preta, framboesa e mirtilo como grupos isolados, porém a classificação do morango, da groselha-preta e da groselha-vermelha, em um grupo específico, não ocorreu. Há grande variabilidade entre e dentro d...

Changes in fruit quality parameters of four Ribes species during ripening

“…Blanka (9.13) exhibited the highest value on the third sampling date (full ripeness), due to high content of sugars and low content of organic acids (Tables 5 and 6). The levels of total sugars and sugars/acids ratio were comparable to previously reported data (Milivojevic, Rakonjac, Aksic, Pristov, & Maksimovic, 2013;Milivojevic et al, 2012). Generally sugar/ organic acid ratio increased during maturation, except in fruit of the 'White pearl' cultivar (Tables 2-6).…”

Geographic Variability of Sugars and Organic Acids in Selected Wild Fruit Species

“…Therefore, according to Leeuwen et al, [57], climate and soil conditions showed higher impact on the chemical content of fruit in relation to species and cultivar. Values obtained for total sugar content in wild strawberry were lower (75.92-111.56 g kg −1 ) in comparison with Milivojević et al [40], where total sugar content in wild strawberry was 209.4 g kg −1 . In addition, lower sugar content was observed in bilberry (57.55 g kg −1 in 2015 and 73.75 g kg −1 in 2014), in comparison with Milivojević et al [9] and Milivojević et al [40].…”

“…The representation of individual sugars and organic acids serves also as an indicator of authenticity of fruit products [35][36][37]. In addition, sugars participate in polyphenol biosynthesis [38]; thus, higher sugar content in fruit implies higher polyphenol concentration [39,40], which is exceptionally important from the perspective of a nutrient-enriched diet.…”

Influence of Maltodextrin on Physicochemical Characteristics of Lyophilized Mangaba Pulp

“…This new reality of the 21st century brings many challenges to food industries, which are stimulated to promote technological innovation to be able to meet the new demands, using the combination of groups of foods in order to reinforce sensory and nutritional attributes, and calling attention to their richness in bioactive compounds and nutraceutical potential (Remberg et al, 2007;Milivojevic et al, 2013).…”