Maintenance requirement and deposition efficiency of lysine in pigs

Ceron, Marcos Speroni; Oliveira, Vladimir de; Lovatto, Paulo Alberto; Vale, Marcos Martinez do

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x2013000900011

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Likewise, the NPU (equivalent to the metabolizable coefficient of crude protein) and BVFP were better for the T15 group when compared to the 21% level, reinforcing the hypothesis that the AA provided to the T18 and T21 groups were not used in their total for muscle synthesis, but rather for catabolism and as an energy source, corroborated by the higher values of nitrogen excreted from the treatments with higher crude protein content. Ceron et al (2013) obtained similar responses and reported lower nitrogen content excreted in piglets with diets with lower protein levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance

Oliveira

Souza

Baggio

et al. 2021

RSD

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We evaluated performance, nutrient balance, nitrogen balance, and serum parameters in pigs in the nursery phase raised in environmental conditions above the thermoneutral zone that were fed with diets containing various levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 15 barrows (22.75 ± 1.58 kg) were housed in metabolism pens and distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments: 15.5%, 18.3%, and 21.0% of CP, designated T15, T18, and T21, respectively. There was a gradual increase of temperature over the first three days from 25 to 29.1 ± 2.3 °C. From d18 to d20 of the experiment, pigs received the same diet (18% CP) and thermoneutral conditions were reestablished (22.9 ± 1.9 ºC). There were higher values of urinary, excreted, and absorbed nitrogen in T21, followed by T18 and T15. Blood urea levels were higher in treatments with higher protein levels. On d4 (adaptation period), cholesterol levels were higher in the T15 group than in the T21 group, antioxidant power of iron reduction values were lower in the T18 group than the T21 group. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) on day 16 were higher in the T15 group, associated with the accumulation of heat stress and lower CP diets. Similar results were obtained for T18 with higher AOPP values on d16 than on d8 and d12. However, there were greater AOPP values in the T21 group on d20 (when the CP level was reduced to 18%) than on d8. Amino acid supplementation and reduction of CP in the diet to levels of 15.5% in piglets raised above the thermoneutral zone improved the use of CP. Furthermore, 15.5% of CP in the diet reduced the excretion of urinary nitrogen. The N-retention was not affected by dietary CP level, using the ideal protein concept. The use of 21%-CP in the diet efficiently avoided exacerbation of protein oxidation for pigs raised above thermoneutrality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…with higher values of excretion for the treatments with higher protein content or worse profiles of AA (Orlando et al, 2007;Ceron et al, 2013;Freitag et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance

Oliveira

Souza

Baggio

et al. 2021

RSD

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Evaluation of factorial methods to estimate lysine requirements for barrows and immunocastrated pigs

et al. 2019

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Assessment of digestible lysine requirements in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs

Barcellos

Alves

Arnaut

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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To evaluate the effect of an E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the digestible lysine (Lys) requirement for growing pigs, a nitrogen (N) balance assay was performed. Seventy-two castrated male pigs [19 ± 1.49 kg body weight (BW)] were allocated in a 2 x 6 factorial design composed of two immune activation states (control and LPS-challenged) and 6 dietary treatments with N levels of 0.94, 1.69, 2.09, 3.04, 3.23 and 3.97% N, as fed, where Lys was limiting, with six replicates and one pig per unit. The challenge consisted of an initial LPS dose of 30 μg/kg BW via intramuscular (IM) injection and a subsequent dose of 33.6 μg/kg BW after 48 h. The experimental period lasted 11 days and was composed of a 7-day adaptation and a subsequent 4-day sampling period in which N intake (NI), N excretion (NEX) and N deposition (ND) were evaluated. Inflammatory mediators and rectal temperature were assessed during the 4-day collection period. A 3-way interaction (N levels × LPS challenge × time, P < 0.05) for IgG was observed. Additionally, 2-way interactions (challenge × time, P < 0.05) were verified for IgA, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, α-1-acid glycoprotein, total protein, and rectal temperature; and (N levels × time, P < 0.05) for transferrin, albumin, haptoglobin, total protein and rectal temperature. LPS-challenged pigs showed lower (P < 0.05) feed intake. A 2-way interaction (N levels × LPS challenge, P < 0.05) was observed for NI, NEX and ND, with a clear dose-response (P < 0.05). LPS-challenged pigs showed lower NI and ND at 2.09% N and 1.69 to 3.97% N (P < 0.05), respectively, and higher NEX at 3.23% N (P < 0.05). The parameters obtained by a nonlinear model (N maintenance requirement, NMR and theoretical maximum N deposition, NDmaxT) were 152.9 and 197.1 mg/BWkg 0.75/d for NMR, and 3,524.7 and 2,077.8 mg/BWkg 0.75/d for NDmaxT, for control and LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The estimated digestible Lys requirements were 1,994.83 and 949.16 mg/BWkg 0.75/d for control and LPS-challenged pigs, respectively. The daily digestible Lys intakes required to achieve 0.68 and 0.54 times the NRmaxT value were 18.12 and 8.62 g/d, respectively, and the optimal dietary digestible Lys concentration may change depending on the feed intake levels. Based on the derived model parameters obtained in the N balance trial with lower cost and time, it was possible to differentiate the digestible Lys requirement for swine under challenging conditions.

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Maintenance requirement and deposition efficiency of lysine in pigs

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance

Pigs fed various levels of crude protein and raised above the thermoneutral zone: effects on protein metabolism and nitrogen balance

Evaluation of factorial methods to estimate lysine requirements for barrows and immunocastrated pigs

Assessment of digestible lysine requirements in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs

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