Embryo rescue from interspecific crosses in apple rootstocks

Abstract

The objetive of this work was to rescue immature embryos of apple rootstocks Malus prunifolia (Marubakaido) and Malus pumila (M9) after 40-60 days of pollination and to put them into MS culture media supplemented with agar (6 g L-1) and casein hydrolysate (500 mg L-1). Embryos originated from interspecific crosses and open pollination showed differences in the in vitro responses, depending on the female parent, the developmental stage of the embryo, and the culture medium composition. Embryos of the M. pumila rootstock, rescued within 40 days after pollination and put in culture medium supplemented with indolacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin and maltose, resulted in a normal development of plantlets. However, embryos originating from hand-pollination, cultivated in medium supplemented with 14 µM IAA, 5 µM kinetin and 1.5 µM Ga3 (MS1), mainly those of M. prunifolia x M. pumila, showed a high percentage of rusted embryos (96.2%). Embryos from open pollination of M. prunifolia and M. pumila formed calluses. It was possible to identify the influence of the female parent by the enhanced development of M. pumila shoots derived from open or hand-pollination. The crossing of responsive species and the use of the technique of embryo culture provided a rapid and uniform germination and, consequently, the development of fully normal seedlings.

Combining ability for grain chemistry quality traits in a white oat diallelic cross

“…Likewise, a similar trend is occuring in Brazil (Doehlert et al 2001;De Sá et al 1998;Gutkoski and Trombetta 1999;Pedó et al 1999;De Sá et al 2000;Beber et al 2002;Silva et al 2006Silva et al , 2008Crestani et al 2010). One of the great caveats of selecting genotypes based on chemical components of caryiopses lies in having a structured breeding program, capable to use rapid, inexpensive and nondestructive methods of analyzing grain chemical components or that require small enough amounts of grain to allow the evaluation and selection of individual plants in early generations.…”

“…The experimental soil area is described as Dystrophic Yellow Red Argisol (Santos et al 2006), presenting the following chemical characteristics at the time of the experiment set up: organic matter 2.1%, water pH 5.5; SMP index 6.5, P 19.7 mg dm -3 , K 80.0 mg dm -3 , Al 0.1 cmol c dm -3 , Ca 2.5 cmol c dm -3 ; Mg 0.8 cmol c dm -3 . The soil preparation and fertility corrections followed the recommendations of Brazilian Oat Research Committee (2006).…”

“…Thus, one may aim at combinations that provide high or low hybrid vigor, but have a higher number of superior performance phenotypic classes in F 2 to apply the artificial selection. The achievement of more expressive genetic gains in characters related to white oat grain chemical quality components by artificial selection will probably be most effective when carried out based on the individual plants that comprise the selection target population by adopting genetic improvement methods such as pedigree, recurrent selection and single seed descent (SSD) (Ramalho et al 1993;Carvalho et al 2008).…”

Breeding triploid plants: a review

“…Embryo rescue was utilized by plant breeders to rescue inherently weak, immature and/ or abortive embryos, breeding seedless crosses and triploid plants, and distant hybridization between different species (Sharma 1995). Thus far, embryo rescue was extentively applied in rescuing many fruit crops, including apple (Dantas et al 2006), banana (Uma et al 2011), citrus (Viloria & Grosser 2005;Aleza et al 2012), grape (Sun et al 2011), etc. Li et al (2015 provided an overview of the factors that affect its efficiency, including genotype, the time point of removing ovules, medium, culture method and condition, plant growth regulators, etc.…”

Embryo rescue technique and its applications for seedless breeding in grape

“…The culturing of cherry embryos in 1933 by Tukey (1933) represents a milestone in the embryo culturing of fruit crops. To date, embryo rescue has been widely used in many fruit crops, including apple (Dantas et al 2006;Druart 2000), banana (Bakry 2008;Uma et al 2011), citrus (Viloria et al 2005;Xie et al 2013Xie et al , 2014, mango (Krishna and Singh 2007), muskmelon (Ezura et al 1994;Nuñez-Palenius et al 2006), peach (Anderson et al 2002;Pinto et al 1994), persimmon (Hu et al 2013;Leng and Yamamura 2006;Yamada and Tao 2007), and watermelon (Taşkın et al 2013), etc. for various purposes such as seedless breeding, triploid breeding and interspecific breeding.…”