Tortopus Needham & Murphy and Tortopsis Molineri (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae) new species and new records from Brazil and Ecuador

New insights into the phylogeny of Tortopus Needham and Murphy and Tortopsis Molineri (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae) with description of three new species

“…Subimagos emerge directly on the surface of the water and have only an aerial stage as short as two hours, to molt to imago and reproduce (McCafferty and Bloodgood 1989;Molineri 2008). Both genera are known from North, Central and South America, but most species are from the Amazon basin (Molineri et al 2012(Molineri et al , 2019, and a South American origin has been hypothesized for these groups (McCafferty 1998;Molineri et al 2019).…”

“…Tortopus was established by Needham and Murphy in 1924 and seven species are currently recognized (Molineri 2010;Molineri et al 2012): T. arenales Molineri, T. bellus Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty, T. circumfluus Ulmer, T. harrisi Traver, T. igaranus Needham and Murphy, T. pixuna Molineri, Boldrini and Salles and T. zottai (Navás). In Colombia, only T. igaranus, the type species of the genus, has been recorded from male and female imagos collected in the Peruvian-Colombian border on the Putumayo River (Needham and Murphy 1924;Molineri 2010).…”

“…Tortopsis is characterized by male genitalia with cylindrical penis, each penean arm separated from the base; ninth abdominal sternum entire, long curved parastyli present; female fore wing without additional veins between R 2 and IR, female sternum VIII with parastyli receptors C or V-shaped, and nymphs with a single subapical tubercle on mandibular tusks (Molineri 2010). Ten species are known from central Argentina to the northern United States of America (Molineri 2010;Gonçalves et al 2011;Molineri et al 2012): T. bruchianus (Navás), T. canum Gonçalves, Da Silva and Nessimian, T. limoncocha Molineri, T. obscuripennis (Domínguez), T. parishi (Banks), T. primus (McDunnough), T. puella (Pictet), T. sarae (Domínguez), T. spatula Molineri and T. unguiculatus (Ulmer). In Colombia, the genus is represented by only two species (T. unguiculatus and T. spatula) from several localities in the Amazonas department (Molineri 2010;Molineri et al 2012).…”

“…Ten species are known from central Argentina to the northern United States of America (Molineri 2010;Gonçalves et al 2011;Molineri et al 2012): T. bruchianus (Navás), T. canum Gonçalves, Da Silva and Nessimian, T. limoncocha Molineri, T. obscuripennis (Domínguez), T. parishi (Banks), T. primus (McDunnough), T. puella (Pictet), T. sarae (Domínguez), T. spatula Molineri and T. unguiculatus (Ulmer). In Colombia, the genus is represented by only two species (T. unguiculatus and T. spatula) from several localities in the Amazonas department (Molineri 2010;Molineri et al 2012). Molineri (2010) performed a phylogenetic revision of all the species in Tortopus and Tortopsis, but the taxonomic knowledge has been growing, especially during the last decade, with the description of new species and stages (Gonçalves et al 2011;Molineri et al 2012).The aim of the present work is to describe two new species of Tortopsis and a new species of Tortopus recently collected in a biologically poorly known area in Colombia.…”

Entomofauna acuática del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, Pacífico colombiano, con énfasis en Ephemeroptera y Plecoptera

“…En Colombia se conocen nueve familias, 59 géneros y 67 especies (Zúñiga, Molineri & Domínguez, 2004;Dias, Bacca & Ferreira, 2011;Molineri 2010a;Gutiérrez & Reinoso-Flórez, 2010;Molineri, Cuz & Emmerich, 2011;Salinas, Dias, Salles & Bacca, 2011), que representan 64.3% de las familias, 57.3% de los géneros y 12.2 % de las especies citadas para Sur América. Son considerados los insectos alados más primitivos y poseen una característica única entre ellos, como es la de presentar un estadío alado supernumerario entre la ninfa y el adulto denominado subimago, que generalmente emerge al crepúsculo y muda a imago dentro de las 24 horas siguientes, conformando enjambres o vuelos nupciales que, en general, ocurren temprano en la mañana o al final del día (Domínguez, Molineri, Pescador, Hubbard & Nieto, 2006;Domínguez, Molineri & Nieto, 2009a).…”