Superfícies do ambiente hospitalar como possíveis reservatórios de bactérias resistentes: uma revisão

Oliveira, Adriana Cristina de; Damasceno, Quésia Souza

doi:10.1590/s0080-62342010000400038

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Nos EUA identificaram frequente contaminação de superfície por Enterococcus resistentes à vancomicina (VRE) e Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA). Ainda não está claro como os microorganismos que sobrevivem no ambiente são transmitidos para os pacientes o quadro clínico, a má desinfecção de material do leito, a limpeza ineficiente, estrutura física, má assepsia das mãos podem ser fatores determinantes [9].…”

Section: Diversidade De Bactérias Ambientais E De Pacientes No Hospitunclassified

Diversidade de bactérias ambientais e de pacientes no Hospital Geral de Palmas-TO

Baptista

Ramos²,

Neves³

et al. 2015

J. Bioen. Food Sci.

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Publicado em: 23/12/2015Patógenos resistentes representam um grande desafio para os hospitais no que se referem aos ao tratamento e as medidas profiláticas. Uma vez no ambiente cepas Gram negativas podem adquirir genes de resistência do solo, da água e dos efluentes hospitalares e assim transmiti-los a outros gêneros. Objetivou-se neste estudo quantificar e qualificar as cepas bacterianas presentes nos pacientes com suspeita de infecção hospitalar e no ambiente em que se encontram internados do Hospital Geral ABSTRACT-Resistant pathogens are an important challenge to hospitals, especially to stablish the correct treatment and prophylactic measures. Once in the environmental Gram-negative strains can acquire resistance genes from the soil, water and hospital effluent and so transmit it to other genus. The objective of this study was to quantify and to qualify the bacterial strains present in patients with suspected of nosocomial infection and the environment in which they are admitted in the Palmas General Hospital. 14 different bacterial species from 141 samples, being 123 from patients and 18 from hospital environment. In patient samples highlights were Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.9%), Acinetobacter baumannii (13.82%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2%), Escherichia coli (11.4%), Serratia marcescens (10.6 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%), From this total, 80 strains were multiresistant to antibiotics, whichever Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.3%) and A. baumannii (20.0%). The tracheal aspirate samples showed a greater number of multidrug-resistant strains. The environment prevailed Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus sp. both with 22.2%, collected from different locations and ICU materials such as tracheal tube, Ambu, mattress and monitors. Administrative and educational strategies are necessary to reduce the spread of multi-resistant germs.

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Section: Diversidade De Bactérias Ambientais E De Pacientes No Hospitunclassified

Diversidade de bactérias ambientais e de pacientes no Hospital Geral de Palmas-TO

Baptista

Ramos²,

Neves³

et al. 2015

J. Bioen. Food Sci.

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“…In addition, dry and inanimate surfaces can also serve as a reservoir of pathogens [3,5,7-9], as in mattresses and bed frames [4,10,11], door knobs [11,12], and even in medical equipment such as stethoscopes and ultrasound devices [7-11]. Contamination of these surfaces contributes to pathogen spreading and, as a result, development of horizontal infections [13-14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of bacterial contamination of inert hospital surfaces and equipment in critical and non-critical care units: a Brazilian multicenter study

Rodrigues

Peixoto²,

Barros³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27The hospital environment is an important reservoir of microorganisms, including 28 multidrug-resistant pathogens, which can cause in-patient contamination and healthcare-29 related infections. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of bacterial 30 contamination (contaminated sites, pathogen species and their antimicrobial 31 susceptibility, and tracking of multidrug-resistant microorganisms -MDR) of inert 32 hospital surfaces and medical equipment in two public hospitals in Northern Brazil. 33 This was a cross-sectional study with 243 samples (n = 208, from Hospital A; and n = 35, 34 from Hospital B) collected by friction with swabs moistened in Brain Heart Infusion from 35 inert surfaces and equipment. The samples were cultivated and bacterial species were 36identified by the classical approach and tested for their susceptibility through agar 37 diffusion assay according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 38Most inert surfaces and equipment analyzed presented bacterial contamination (95.5%). 39Staphylococcus aureus was the main pathogen of clinical significance detected both in 40 Hospital A (61.8%) and B (68.6%). Hospital A showed higher rates of isolated MDR 41 bacteria than Hospital B, especially in the Adult Intensive Care Unit, which included 42 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (52.7%), Enterobacteria resistant to 43 4 th generation cephalosporins (19.4%), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44 (2.78%). The failures in the prevention and control of infections in the two hospitals 45 analyzed reinforce the need for a revised protocol for cleaning and disinfection of inert 46 surfaces and medical equipment, and for regulation of antibiotic dispensing, mainly in the 47 AICU of Hospital A, which was found to be a reservoir of MDR pathogens. This study is 48 innovative because it is the pioneer in Western Bahia that describes the epidemiology of 49 contamination of hospital surfaces, opportuning futures studies in this field. 50 Introduction 51Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a major public health concern 52 commonly associated with extended length of hospital stay. HAI account for high hospital 53 costs and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality of infected patients [1]. 54HAI are usually caused by pathogenic bacteria that may emerge from the patient's 55 endogenous microflora during antibiotic therapy in approximately 70% of the cases [2,3]. 56HAI may also be acquired from the exogenous environment (30% of the cases) in that the 57 hospital setting plays a significant role in contagion and transmission outbreaks [3,4]. 58In the hospital setting, patients, staff and visitors represent the main reservoir of 59 microorganisms, whereas secondary reservoirs include all environments where nutrients, 60 moisture, and temperature are suitable for microbial survival, such as air humidifiers and 61 nebulizers [5,6]. In addition, dry and inanimate surfaces can also serve as a reservoir of 62 pathogens [3,5,7-9], as in mattre...

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“…The microorganism is characterized by its widespread resistance to the major groups of antibiotics, as well as to disinfectants and detergents and was shown to spread and survive in health care environments and on medical devices [3]–[5]. This remarkable resistance to bactericidal factors could be associated with the formation of A. baumannii biofilm on various biotic and abiotic surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis of the Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteriophage AP22 Lytic Cycle

et al. 2012

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Background Acinetobacter baumannii is known for its ability to develop resistance to the major groups of antibiotics, form biofilms, and survive for long periods in hospital environments. The prevalence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is a significant problem for the modern health care system, and application of lytic bacteriophages for controlling this pathogen may become a solution.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this study, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and microbiological assessment we have investigated A. baumannii bacteriophage AP22, which has been recently described. AFM has revealed the morphology of bacteriophage AP22, adsorbed on the surfaces of mica, graphite and host bacterial cells. Besides, morphological changes of bacteriophage AP22-infected A. baumannii cells were characterized at different stages of the lytic cycle, from phage adsorption to the cell lysis. The phage latent period, estimated from AFM was in good agreement with that obtained by microbiological methods (40 min). Bacteriophage AP22, whose head diameter is 62±1 nm and tail length is 88±9 nm, was shown to disperse A. baumannii aggregates and adsorb to the bacterial surface right from the first minute of their mutual incubation at 37°C.Conclusions/SignificanceHigh rate of bacteriophage AP22 specific adsorption and its ability to disperse bacterial aggregates make this phage very promising for biomedical antimicrobial applications. Complementing microbiological results with AFM data, we demonstrate an effective approach, which allows not only comparing independently obtained characteristics of the lytic cycle but also visualizing the infection process.

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Superfícies do ambiente hospitalar como possíveis reservatórios de bactérias resistentes: uma revisão

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

Diversidade de bactérias ambientais e de pacientes no Hospital Geral de Palmas-TO

Diversidade de bactérias ambientais e de pacientes no Hospital Geral de Palmas-TO

Epidemiology of bacterial contamination of inert hospital surfaces and equipment in critical and non-critical care units: a Brazilian multicenter study

Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis of the Acinetobacter baumannii Bacteriophage AP22 Lytic Cycle

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