Metodologia do cuidar em enfermagem na abordagem fenomenológica

Abstract

Elizabeth Mendes das Graças 1 , Geralda Fortina dos Santos 2 ABSTRACTIt is necessary to understand the person who will receive care in order to provide zealous and authentic care. This requires the caregiver to carefully research the existential experience of the being who needs care. It demands, overall, that one knows how to question and to reflect on what is revealed. By believing in the fundamentals of phenomenology, the authors have been attempting to build a methodology in the art of nursing care. Being inspired by this perspective, they attempt to develop phenomenological thinking and skills so that they can be with the other, in an authentic mode of solicitude. In this article, reflections about the patient-being's comprehension are presented, and about a methodology of care, so that they can support the nurses in their day-to-day activities. KEY WORDSNursing care. Methodology. Nurse-patient relations. RESUMENPara un cuidado realizado con celo y autén-tico, es necesario comprender al sujeto que será cuidado. Eso requiere un preescrutar atento del cuidador sobre la experiencia existencial del ser que precisa del cuidado. Exige, sobre todo, saber preguntar y reflexionar sobre lo que le fue revelado. Basadas en los fundamentos de la fenomenología, las autoras buscaron construir una metodología para el arte de cuidar en enfermería. Inspiradas en esa visión, buscaron desarrollar habilidades de un pensar y de un hacer fenomenológico para ser-conel-otro dentro de un modo autentico de solicitud. En este trabajo, se presentan reflexiones sobre la comprensión del ser-paciente y sobre una metodología del cuidado, para que respalden el enfermero en su cotidiano. DESCRIPTORESAtención de enfermería. Metodología. Relaciones enfermero-paciente.

Phenomenological and hermeneutical assumptions of ethics and philosophy in nursing: Analyses, comparisons, reconceptualizations of notions

“…Współczesne światowe piśmiennictwo o filozofii i etyce pielęgniarstwa odnosi się do podmiotowo zorientowanych nurtów etyki (fenomenologia, hermeneutyka). [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Mimo że akceptuje kluczowe założenia etyki tradycyjnej o świadomości i dobrowolności czynu (arystotelizm, tomizm), zwraca się ku myśleniu indukcyjnemu, do którego najbliżej jest właśnie młodym etykom: fenomenologii, hermeneutyce, a także egzystencjalizmowi. Fenomenologiczny model generowania twierdzeń opiera się na założeniu, że kompetencja poznawcza jednostki zdolna jest objąć esencjalną prawdę o rzeczywistości.…”

“…Powodami stałej obecności aspektu technicznego są: głębokie zakorzenienie w mentalności niektórych pielęgniarek, rutyna, a także niekorzystna organizacja pracy w wielu szpitalach. 30 Anne Bruce, Lori Rietze i Angela Lim wśród barier akademickich wymieniają jeszcze antyintelektualizm, neoliberalizm i instrumentalizm. 29…”

Historicity and historiography of being-a-nursing- student in the construction of care in Heidegger

“…The professional care described by the being-a-nursing-student is linked to nursing care as part of the theoretical and practical actions of doing an occupation, not only as a technique or procedure but, as an intentional choice of being in the care process. This approaches to the thinking of Graçase Santos [10] , when they understand that Nursing has understood the being in a more widely way, where the being is not only a receiver far from an ethical and existential sense.…”

Living with tuberculosis in prison: the challenge to achieve cure

“…Among the key actions for tuberculosis control is the provision of appropriate treatment for a minimum of six months, with emphasis on strengthening bonds; on sharing responsibilities between people with the disease and professionals; and on the Directly Observed Treatment strategy, for the delivery of quality care, which enables not only the healing of the disease, but the interruption of its transmission in the community. 2,[10][11][12][13][14] Health care in prisons is expressed mostly by prescriptive actions related to the merits of the person deprived of freedom and to the rights granted to them, either by their peers or by healthcare professionals, 15 to whom it is necessary to promote reflection on the possibilities they have, through the their work, to contribute to reduce the reality of inequality and exclusion that those living in prisons are submitted to. 16 On the other hand, the number of professionals who work in these environments is reduced, with precarious employment contracts and low wages, which somehow contributes to the high turnover of staff and frailty of the local programs for tuberculosis control.…”