2012
DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000400003
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Abstract: Black flies, a non-target species of the insecticides used in fruit production

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Cited by 15 publications
(13 citation statements)
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References 31 publications
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“…In contrast, other authors reported similar enzyme activity against CDNB (nmol/min/mg protein), ranging within an order of magnitude among black flies (190-452), 36,58) caddisflies (90-501), 36,56,63) mayflies (261-337), 36,63) damselflies (445), 36) and midges (161-502, C. tentans 46,47,64) ; 63-250, C. riparius 48,50,59) ). These variations may originate not only from species differences but also as a result of different exposure histories to contaminants.…”
Section: Glutathione-s-transferases (Gsts)mentioning
confidence: 86%
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“…In contrast, other authors reported similar enzyme activity against CDNB (nmol/min/mg protein), ranging within an order of magnitude among black flies (190-452), 36,58) caddisflies (90-501), 36,56,63) mayflies (261-337), 36,63) damselflies (445), 36) and midges (161-502, C. tentans 46,47,64) ; 63-250, C. riparius 48,50,59) ). These variations may originate not only from species differences but also as a result of different exposure histories to contaminants.…”
Section: Glutathione-s-transferases (Gsts)mentioning
confidence: 86%
“…122) The black fly larvae collected from a pesticide-free upstream area exhibited approximately two orders of magnitude higher acute toxicity against fenvalerate and deltamethrin than did those from an irrigation channel exposed to insecticides, which was explained by a 3-6-fold lower CaE activity. 58) Variation has also been shown between pesticide classes. Endrin was most acutely toxic in Pteronarcys spp.…”
Section: Toxicitymentioning
confidence: 98%
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“…aegypti control in Guadeloupe. This “secondary resistance” developed by a non-target organism has been often reported for different insect species [ 47 ]. In the case of Cx .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, agricultural irrigation can create damp earth and standing water, which provide habitat for Culicoides midges and mosquitoes, respectively. Additionally, though not all species of black fly can breed in irrigation ditches, they have been found in irrigation systems across the world (see Takoaka et al ., 2000; Montagna et al ., 2012; Córdoba Lloria et al ., 2017), and irrigation areas in Alberta and Saskatchewan had high abundances of Leucocytozoon transmitting black flies (Fredeen and Shemanchuk, 1960). Some tropical studies have found anthropogenic disturbance to be associated with decreased parasite prevalence (Sehgal, 2010; Loiseau et al ., 2012 b ; but see Okanga et al ., 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%