Prevalence and genotypes of hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users from Salvador-BA, Brazil

Silva, Maria Betânia S.; Andrade, Tarcísio Matos de; Silva, Luciano K.; Rodart, Itatiana Ferreira; Lopes, Gisele Barreto; Carmo, Theomira Mauadie Azevedo; Zarife, Maria Alice Sant'ana; Dourado, Inês; Reis, Mitermayer Galvão dos

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762010000300009

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…HCV-RNA: hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid; OR: odds ratio; CI: confi dence interval. In Salvador (State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil) 7 , the seroprevalence of HCV infection detected in injected-drug users was similar to that observed in this study. Note that most of the study participants use non-injecting illicit drugs.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…In Brazil, epidemiological studies of HCV infection in illicit drug users are still rare. The prevalence of HCV infection in illicit drug users sampled in metropolitan areas in the Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast regions of Brazil ranged from 5% to 36% [3][4][5][6][7] . There are frequent reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups in northern Brazil [8][9][10][11] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil

Pacheco

Silva-Oliveira

Maradei-Pereira

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Illicit drug users (DUs) are vulnerable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The shared use of illicit drugs is the main method of HCV transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Breves, in northern Brazil. We surveyed 187 DUs to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HCV infection. Results: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 36.9%, and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was 31%. Hepatitis C virus infection was associated with tattoos, intravenous drug use, shared use of equipment for drug use, drug use for longer than 3 years, and daily drug use. Conclusions: Strategies for preventing and controlling HCV transmission should be implemented among DUs.Keywords: Hepatitis C virus. Illicit drug users. Northern Brazil.Currently, the sharing of drug paraphernalia is the main transmission method for hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. It is estimated that more than 60% of new HCV infection cases recorded each year are related to the use of illicit drugs, particularly injected drugs 1,2 . In Brazil, epidemiological studies of HCV infection in illicit drug users are still rare. The prevalence of HCV infection in illicit drug users sampled in metropolitan areas in the Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast regions of Brazil ranged from 5% to 36% 3-7 . There are frequent reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups in northern Brazil [8][9][10][11] . It is known that most illicit drug users in Pará do not consume injected drugs and are infected with HCV genotype 1 10,11 . This study estimated the prevalence of HCV infection and assessed the factors associated with HCV infection in illicit drug users in the municipality of Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil.This cross-sectional study of a non-probabilistic convenience sample was based on information and biological samples provided by illicit drug users in an area of intense illicit drug use located in Breves (01° 40' 55" S 50° 28' 48" O), Archipelago of Marajó, Pará, northern Brazil. Illicit drug users in areas of intense drug consumption were sampled using the snowball technique 11 . Individuals were eligible for the study if they were older than 17 years of age and agreed to answer a specifi c questionnaire and have a blood sample taken and tested for molecular and serologic markers in the period from August to All samples were tested for HCV antibodies and hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA). Anti-HCV antibodies were tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Murex anti-HCV 4.0, Murex Biotech). HCV RNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 67 base pairs of the 5' untranslated region (UTR), as described elsewhere 9 . Confi dence intervals (CIs) were determined for infection prevalence estimates. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were calculated to assess the independent effects of variables 12 . The fi t of the fi nal model was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-f...

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confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil

Pacheco

Silva-Oliveira

Maradei-Pereira

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…In Brazil, information about hepatitis C has become more accessible following the publication of several studies (Paltanim, Reiche, 2002;Zarife et al, 2006;Strazza et al, 2007;Fagundes et al, 2008;Gabe, Lara, 2008;Coelho et al, 2009; Ferrao et al, 2009;Mousquer, Castro, 2009;Silva et al, 2010;Oliveira-Filho et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2011). Fagundes et al (2008) found that 2.2% (10/457) of adults in Criciúma (Santa Catarina) were anti-HCV positive and that 1.53% (7/457) were HCV RNA-positive, but the study did not identify the HCV genotype (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C in prisoners and non-prisoners in Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Falquetto

Endringer

Andrade

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The aim of the present work was to compare hepatitis C prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors between prisoners and non-prisoners in the city of Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study involved approximately 1,600 residents and 730 prisoners, all of whom were living in Colatina. The percentage of individuals who tested positive for anti-HCV was 0.1% (2/1,600) in the non-prisoner group and 1.0% (7/730) in the prisoner group, confirming a higher risk of hepatitis C in the latter group. The percentage of subjects who progressed to HCV-RNA negative was 11.1% (1/9), confirming the high probability of evolution to chronicity. Genotype 1 was the most predominant genotype found. Factors associated with increased risk of hepatitis C were being male, being institutionalized, having an income of less than three minimum wages, having low educational attainment, and using injected drugs. Alcohol use, pain in the liver, migraine, and reported history of hepatitis were markedly associated with hepatitis C. The prison population tested positive for anti-HCV at a higher rate than the non-prison population.Uniterms: Hepatitis C/prevalence. Hepatitis C/genotypes. Hepatitis C/risk factors. Hepatitis C/symptoms. Anti-HCV. Prison population/risks evaluation.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a prevalência, os genótipos e fatores de risco da hepatite C entre a população em geral e os presos na cidade de Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brasil. O presente estudo é transversal e comparou cerca de 1.600 moradores e 730 prisioneiros, todos eles vivendo em Colatina. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-HCV positivo foi de 0,1% (2/1.600), na população em geral, e de 1,0% (7/730) entre os presos, o que confirma o elevado risco nesse grupo. A percentagem de indivíduos que apresentam RNA-HCV negativo foi de 11,1% (1/9), confirmando a alta taxa de evolução para a cronicidade. O genótipo predominante foi o I. Fatores associados ao aumento do risco de hepatite C foram do sexo masculino, sendo institucionalizado, com renda de até três salários mínimos, baixa escolaridade e uso de drogas injetáveis. O uso de álcool, dor no fígado, enxaqueca e relato de histórias de hepatite apresentaram associação significativa com a hepatite C. A população carcerária teve maiores taxas de positividade para o anti-HCV do que a população não-prisional pesquisada.Unitermos: Hepatite C./prevalência. Hepatite C./genótipos. Hepatite C./fatores de risco. Hepatitis C/ sintomas. Anti-HCV. População carcerária/avaliação de riscos. INTRODUCTIONViral hepatitis C, isolated from viral RNA, is a relatively recent discovery (Choo et al., 1989). It has been cited often as a major determinant of chronic liver disease (Martins, Schiavon, Schiavon, 2011) and as a worldwide public health concern (Sy, Jamal, 2006). In Brazil, certain infectious diseases must be reported to the government, which is responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. The high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with hepatitis B and C create the need for large inv...

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“…(13) The first report on the HCV genotype distribution in Salvador -Bahia in intravenous drug users (IDU´s) showed a high prevalence in genotype 1, followed by genotype 3. (14) HCV LIFE CYCLE Significant advances in understanding the mechanisms of HCV infection have been reported. HCV infection is a complex process requiring the involvement of viral envelope proteins and multiple host proteins (Figure 1).…”

Section: Hcv Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work demonstrated that two relatives living in the same house were infected by less divergent strains than two subjects living in different houses or belonging to different families. (60) Another group that's exposed to HCV infection risk is the Healthcare workers. In the last 30 years, the transmission among this group decreased strongly, despite still needed control measures.…”

Section: Measures Of Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis C-Infection

Andrade¹,

Melo²,

Lins³

et al. 2015

BJMHH

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belongs to the Hepacivirus genus, Flaviviridae family, has six major genotypes and more than 70 subtypes. HCV has a major impact on public health, because it infects around 3% worldwide population, with an estimated global incidence of three to four million new infections per year. HCV infection was first suspected in the 1970s, when this new type of hepatitis transmitted by blood was then called "non-A, non-B" hepatitis. HCV is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus, and its genome was identified in 1989. It's transmitted primarily via the blood route through of injection drug use, sharing syringes, and blood transfusion. Anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA testing are used to diagnose acute and chronic hepatitis C, and HCV genotype should be systematically determined for indication and duration of treatment. After acute infection, 15%-25% of persons appear to resolve their infection without sequelae, whereas 75%-85% evolve to chronicity, which may exhibit various complications with the evolution of the infection. The standard treatment for chronic infection with HCV in the last decade has been the combination therapy of pegylated interferon alpha plus ribavirin. However, this therapy is associated with significant adverse effects, but recent developments of new drugs' combinations are changing the treatment paradigm in HCV infection. In this article, we review the information on HCV, how the HCV biology, diagnosis, management, preventive modalities, and therapeutics.

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Prevalence and genotypes of hepatitis C virus among injecting drug users from Salvador-BA, Brazil

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil

Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil

Hepatitis C in prisoners and non-prisoners in Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis C-Infection

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