Primary endemic Cryptococcosis gattii by molecular type VGII in the state of Pará, Brazil

Santos, Wallace Raimundo A dos; Meyer, Wieland; Wanke, Bodo; Costa, Solange P S Evangelista; Trilles, Luciana; Nascimento, José Luíz Martins do; Medeiros, Rita; Morales, Bernardina P; Bezerra, Cláudia de Carvalho Falci; Macêdo, Regina Célia Lima de; Ferreira, Silvana O; Barbosa, Gláucia Gonçalves; Perez, Melissa; Nishikawa, Marília Martins; Lazéra, Márcia dos Santos

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762008000800012

Cited by 76 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, in Brazil, molecular epidemiology studies are still required to elucidate the distribution of molecular types in all five Brazilian regions. Despite this, the few epidemiological studies conducted in Brazil have demonstrated differences in the distribution of the genotypes of these species in these regions [17][18][19][20][21]36]. In Mato Grosso, this is the first report describing the molecular types circulating in the state capital of Cuiabá.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Molecular typing and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp from patients in Midwest Brazil

Favalessa

Paula

Dutra

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection that affects humans and animals, mainly due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Following the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), fungal infections by C. neoformans have become more common among immunocompromised patients. Cryptococcus gattii has primarily been isolated as a primary pathogen in healthy hosts and occurs endemically in northern and northeastern Brazil. We to perform genotypic characterization and determine the in vitro susceptibility profile to antifungal drugs of the Cryptococcus species complex isolated from HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients attended at university hospitals in Cuiabá, MT, in the Midwestern region of Brazil. Methodology: Micromorphological features, chemotyping with canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar and genotyping by URA5-RFLP were used to identify the species. The antifungal drugs tested were amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and voriconazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined according to the CLSI methodology M27-A3. Results: Analysis of samples yelded C. neoformans AFLP1/VNI (17/27, 63.0%) and C. gattii AFLP6/VGII (10/27, 37.0%). The MICs ranges for the antifungal drugs were: amphotericin B (0.5-1 mg/L), fluconazole (1-16 mg/L), flucytosine (1-16 mg/L), itraconazole (0.25-0.12 mg/L) and voriconazole (0.06-0.5 mg/L). Isolates of C. neoformans AFLP1/VNI were predominant in patients with HIV/AIDS, and C. gattii VGII in HIV-negative patients. The genotypes identified were susceptible to the antifungal drugs tested. Conclusion: It is worth emphasizing that AFLP6/VGII is a predominant genotype affecting HIV-negative individuals in Cuiabá. These findings serve as a guide concerning the molecular epidemiology of C. neoformans and C. gattii in the State of Mato Grosso.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, C. gattii has emerged as a primary pathogen infecting immunocompetent individuals, particularly children, adolescents and young adults in northeastern Brazil, where cryptococcosis is characterized by high mortality rates [18,[20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular typing and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp from patients in Midwest Brazil

Favalessa

Paula

Dutra

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…A frequency of 33% of cases in children was observed in the State of Amazonas 7 and 21% in the State of Piaui 8 . Epidemiological studies in these regions show that the molecular type VGII is the main agent for cryptococcal meningitis in young adults and children 9,10 . The previous few VGII cases identified in the State of Rio de Janeiro were from patients who came from the northeast of the country 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII as agent of meningitis in a healthy child in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: report of an autochthonous case

Pinto

Pone

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Cryptococcus gattii causes meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent hosts, occurring endemically in some tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, this fungus was involved in an outbreak in Vancouver Island and British Columbia (Canada). In this temperate region, the VGII type is predominant. The paper describes an autochthonous case of meningoencephalitis by C. gattii VGII in a previously health child in Rio de Janeiro, considered nonendemic region of Brazil. The fungus was identified by biochemical tests and the molecular type was determined by URA5-RFLP. The present report highlights the need for clinical vigilance for primary cryptococcal meningitis in nonendemic areas.

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“…A recent study in the same region showed that C. gattii is an endemic primary mycosis affecting HIV-negative hosts, including an unexpectedly high number of children, with most cases caused by molecular type VGII (Santos et al 2008). Considering that some of these patients were from the Metropolitan area of Belém, the capital of PA, potential environmental sources for cryptococcal infection in this area were investigated in this current study.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although a large number of isolates were analyzed (n = 443), none were from PA. Recently, Santos et al (2008) analyzed the agents of 43 cases of cryptococcosis and found that VNI was the most common type in immunocompromised patients, while molecular type VGII was the major cause of endemic pri-mary mycosis in HIV-negative individuals, including an unexpectedly high number of children in PA. Kidd et al (2004) reported C. gattii molecular type VGII as the causative agent of the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). In addition, molecular studies of clinical and environmental isolates reported by Escandón et al (2006) demonstrated the predominance of molecular type VGII within C. gattii isolates from Colombia.…”

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confidence: 99%

First isolation of Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII and Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNI from environmental sources in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil

Costa

Lazéra²,

Santos

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Primary endemic Cryptococcosis gattii by molecular type VGII in the state of Pará, Brazil

Cited by 76 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular typing and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp from patients in Midwest Brazil

Molecular typing and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Cryptococcus spp from patients in Midwest Brazil

Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII as agent of meningitis in a healthy child in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: report of an autochthonous case

First isolation of Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII and Cryptococcus neoformans molecular type VNI from environmental sources in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil

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