Diphtheria-neutralizing antibody levels in healthy adults from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Pimenta, Fabricia Pires; Damasco, Paulo Vieira; Cerbino-Neto, José; Santoro‐Lopes, Guilherme; Hirata, Raphael; Milagres, Lucimar G.; Mattos‐Guaraldi, Ana Luíza

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762006000400019

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Corynebacterium diphtheriae represents a global medical challenge, particularly due to the significant rise in the percentage of adults susceptible to diphtheria (Pimenta et al , 2006), and the emergence of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains as the causative agents of endocarditis and other systemic infections (Mishra et al , 2005; Zasada et al , 2005; Belmares et al , 2007; Hirata et al , 2008; Menon et al , 2010; Muttaiyah et al , 2011; Viguetti et al , 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SubMICs of penicillin and erythromycin enhance biofilm formation and hydrophobicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains

Gomes

Peixoto

Barbosa

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Subinhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of antibiotics may alter bacterial surface properties and change microbial physiology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a subMIC (F MIC) of penicillin (PEN) and erythromycin (ERY) on bacterial morphology, haemagglutinating activity, cellsurface hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm formation on glass and polystyrene surfaces, as well as the distribution of cell-surface acidic anionic residues of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (HC01 tox " strain; CDC-E8392 and 241 tox + strains). All microorganisms tested were susceptible to PEN and ERY. Growth in the presence of PEN induced bacterial filamentation, whereas subMIC of ERY caused cell-size reduction of strains 241 and CDC-E8392. Adherence to human erythrocytes was reduced after growth in the presence of ERY, while CSH was increased by a subMIC of both antibiotics in bacterial adherence to n-hexadecane assays. Conversely, antibiotic inhibition of biofilm formation was not observed. All strains enhanced biofilm formation on glass after treatment with ERY, while only strain 241 increased glass adherence after cultivation in the presence of PEN. Biofilm production on polystyrene surfaces was improved by F MIC of ERY. After growth in the presence of both antimicrobial agents, strains 241 and CDC-E8392 exhibited anionic surface charges with focal distribution. In conclusion, subMICs of PEN and ERY modified bacterial surface properties and enhanced not only biofilm formation but also cell-surface hydrophobicity. Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation may contribute to the inconsistent success of antimicrobial therapy for C. diphtheriae infections. Penicillin (PEN) and erythromycin (ERY) have long been used as drugs of choice for the eradication of toxin-producing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SubMICs of penicillin and erythromycin enhance biofilm formation and hydrophobicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains

Gomes

Peixoto

Barbosa

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…These findings were similar to the various seroprevalence studies done in Poland, Brazil, UK, and Singapore. [6789] This indicates that the protection provided by the diphtheria vaccine may decline with the passage of time, and mass populations may be in need of periodic booster vaccination even in the background of good immunization coverage during childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune status against diphtheria in healthy adults

Kutty¹,

RajanBabu²,

Thiruvoth³

2019

J Family Med Prim Care

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Outbreaks of diphtheria continue to occur in Kerala with an age shift to older population. Antibody seroprevalence studies are essential to understand the immune status of the community and to develop an effective immunization strategy.Aim:To assess the necessity of diphtheria vaccination among adults.Settings and Design:Cross-sectional study, among 152 healthy adults (>18 years).Methods and Materials:Diphtheria IgG antibody detection was performed by using ELISA technique.Results:Out of 152 study population, 14 (9.2%) individuals had very low antibody levels, requiring basic immunization, 123 (80.9%) needed booster vaccination, 12 (7.9%) would need a booster dose in 5 years and 3 (2%) would need a booster dose in 7 years to maintain adequate antibody levels. Out of the total, 131 (86.2%) individuals had completed childhood immunization and 21 (13.8%) had incomplete or no immunization during childhood. In the population who had completed childhood immunization, 4 (3%) had very low antibody levels requiring basic immunization and 113 (86%) had antibody levels needing booster vaccine soon, with the remaining 14 (10.6%) individuals requiring a booster vaccine after 5 years and 7 years. In the partially immunized/unimmunized population, 10 (47.6%) had antibody levels requiring basic immunization and another 10 (47.6%) had antibody levels low enough to warrant a booster vaccine.Conclusions:Majority of the subjects who had completed childhood immunization showed an inadequate immunity against diphtheria during adulthood. This indicates waning immunity against diphtheria. Hence, modifying the present diphtheria vaccination strategy to include booster doses during adulthood is essential.Context:Even in developed countries where nearly 100% universal immunization is achieved, diphtheria outbreaks are known to occur. Several seroprevalence studies have been conducted in those regions to determine whether those populations have adequate levels of antibodies against diphtheria. In India, sporadic outbreaks occur, and an increasing number of diphtheria cases are being reported over the last few years. Large outbreaks in Kerala 2016 were about 533 cases. Recent outbreaks in 2019, in Trivandrum, about 175 cases were suspected and 19 cases were confirmed in laboratory. However, Indian studies to determine whether the adult population has adequate protective antibody levels are lacking. Knowing the immune status of the population and devising an appropriate strategies to prevent outbreaks of diphtheria are the integral parts of primary care. These concerns are the basis and evaluation of the seroprevalence of IgG antibody levels against diphtheria antitoxin among healthy adults in our region in this study.

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“…This should avoid waning of immunity and greater risk of disease, as has been determined for diphtheria in Brazil (Pimenta et al 2006). For pertussis, after three doses of DTP/Hib and two doses of DTP, if available and used as a booster, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis vaccine, adult type should permit better control of disease at all ages .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and consistency of production of a Brazilian combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b

Martins¹,

Camacho²,

Marcovistz³

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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A randomized, double-blinded study evaluating the immunogenicity, safety and consistency of production of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine entirely produced in Brazil by BioManguinhos and Instituto Butantan (DTP/Hib-BM) Key words: vaccines -immunization -combination vaccines -DTP/Hib vaccineThe combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTP/Hib) vaccine allows for a reduction in the number of required injections, thus improving compliance to the vaccination schedule and higher vaccination coverage. Moreover, the combined vaccine has reduced the logistical costs related to factors such as number of visits to health care centers, number of syringes and needles required and necessary storage space.In 1998, a technological transfer agreement was established with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) for the Brazilian production of Hib vaccine (Homma et al. 2005). In 1999, Hib vaccine produced by GSK was introduced in the Brazilian National Immunization Program (NIP) and administered at two, four and six months of age, concomitant to the administration at another site of a DTP vaccine produced by Instituto Butantan. Since 2002, these vaccinations have been administered as a single Reports on the quality, immunogenicity and safety of this combination have been demonstrated in a clinical study (Clemens et al. 2003).The technology transfer from GSK to Bio-Manguinhos (BM) was a strategic step toward the routine availability of this vaccine by the NIP. This process was concluded in 2005 with the production of the conjugate Hib vaccine by BM.The present study aimed to determine if the quadrivalent vaccine with the Hib component produced by BM (DTP/Hib-BM) had immunogenicity and reactogenicity similar to that of the Hib vaccine produced by GSK (DTP/Hib-GSK). This was a study for clinical validation of the DTP/Hib-BM vaccine, which was required for its licensure by the Brazilian National Regulatory Agency. The performance of this combined vaccine is extremely important considering its role in the containment of the target diseases and its well-known reactogenicity accounted for by the whole-cell pertussis component.The combined DTP/Hib vaccine with a cellular pertussis component generally provides good efficacy for all antigens, but in some studies the combination resulted in decreased immunogenicity of the Hib component in comparison to individual administration. Despite this finding, antibody levels against the vaccination com-

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Diphtheria-neutralizing antibody levels in healthy adults from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract: In Brazil, until 2004

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

SubMICs of penicillin and erythromycin enhance biofilm formation and hydrophobicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains

SubMICs of penicillin and erythromycin enhance biofilm formation and hydrophobicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains

Immune status against diphtheria in healthy adults

Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and consistency of production of a Brazilian combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b

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