Serologic evidence of Leishmania infection in free-ranging wild and domestic canids around a Brazilian National Park

Magalhães

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

et al. 2012

Over recent decades, diseases have been shown to be important causes of extinctions among wild species. Greater emphasis has been given to diseases transmitted by domestic animals, which have been increasing in numbers in natural areas, along with human populations. This study had the aim of investigating the presence of intestinal helminths in wild canids (maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, and crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous) in the Serra do Cipó National Park (43-44° W and 19-20° S) and endo and ectoparasites of domestic dogs in the Morro da Pedreira Environmental Protection Area (an area surrounding the National Park). The Serra do Cipó is located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Among the enteroparasites found in domestic and wild canids, the following taxons were identified: Ancylostomidae, Trichuridae, Toxocara sp., Spirocerca sp., Physaloptera sp., Strongyloides sp., Cestoda, Dipylidium caninum, Diphyllobothriidae, Hymenolepidae, Anoplocephalidae, Trematoda, Acanthocephala and Isospora sp. Domestic dogs were positive for leishmaniasis and Babesia canis in serological tests. Among the ectoparasites, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense and Ctenocephalides felis felis were observed in domestic dogs. Variations in the chaetotaxy of the meta-episternum and posterior tibia were observed in some specimens of C. felis felis.Keywords: Parasites, Canis familiaris, Chrysocyon brachyurus, Cerdocyon thous, conservation. ResumoNas últimas décadas, as doenças têm sido apontadas como importantes causas de extinção de espécies silvestres. Maior ênfase tem sido dada às doenças transmitidas por animais domésticos que crescem em número, bem como as populações humanas, em áreas naturais. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a presença de helmintos intestinais de canídeos silvestres (lobo-guará -Chrysocyon brachyurus e cachorro-do-mato -Cerdocyon thous) do Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó (43-44° W e 19-20° S) e endo e ectoparasitos de cães domésticos da Área de Proteção Ambiental Morro da Pedreira (entorno do Parque Nacional). A Serra do Cipó está localizada no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Entre os enteroparasitos encontrados em canídeos domésticos e silvestres, os táxons seguintes, Ancylostomidae, Trichuridae, Toxocara sp., Spirocerca sp., Physaloptera sp., Strongyloides sp., Cestoda, Dipylidium caninum, Diphyllobothriidae, Hymenolepidae, Anoplocephalidae, Trematoda, Acanthocephala e Isospora sp. foram identificados. Cães domésticos foram positivos para leishmaniose e Babesia canis nos testes sorológicos. Entre os ectoparasitos, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense, Ctenocephalides felis felis foram observados em cães domésticos. Variações na quetotaxia do metepisterno e tíbia posterior foram observados em alguns espécimes de C. felis felis.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites of domestic and wild canids in the region of Serra do Cipó National Park, Brazil

Magalhães

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

“…Leishmaniasis is typical of rural and peri-urban environments. Domestic and wild mammals can be infected; humans are considered accidental hosts of the protozoa (CURI et al, 2006).The dog (Canis familiaris) has an active role in the transmission of the disease as an asymptomatic reservoir that is closely related to humans and an infection source to phlebotomine vectors (COURTENAY et al, 2002).American visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, and is a serious public health problem in Brazil owing to the wide geographical distribution v. 24, n. 4, out.-dez. 2015 465 Leishmania spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Leishmania spp. in domestic felines

Oliveira

Paiz

Menozzi

et al. 2015

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoa in the genus Leishmania, typical of rural and peri-urban environments. The causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis is Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi and the main insect vector in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. Dogs (Canis familiaris) are important in the transmission of the disease, as a reservoir closely related to humans and an infection source for phlebotomine vectors. Since 1990, an increasing number of feline leishmaniasis cases have been reported, suggesting that domestic cats (Felis catus) might be involved in the epidemiology of the disease. The present study analyzed the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in naturally infected domestic cats from various neighborhoods in the municipality of Belém, Pará, Brazil, using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the direct agglutination test (DAT). Among the 443 samples tested, 18 (4.06%) presented positive reactions in the IFA. The observed titers were 40 IU in 4.97% of the samples and 80 IU in 0.90%. In the DAT test, positive results were found in 25 (5.64%) of the samples. The observed titers were also 40 IU (4.97%) and 80 IU (0.68%). The agreement rate between the two tests was considered low (Kappa coefficient = 0.10).Keywords: Indirect immunofluorescence assay, direct agglutination test, leishmaniasis, cats. ResumoAs leishmanioses são zoonoses vetoriais causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, características de ambientes rurais e periurbanos. A leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA) é causada pela Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, cujo principal vetor no Brasil é Lutzomyia longipalpis. O cão (Canis familiaris) possui papel ativo na transmissão da doença, pois é um reservatório muito próximo do humano e uma fonte de infecção para o flebotomíneo. O aumento do número de casos de leishmaniose felina, descritos na literatura a partir de 1990, sugere Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, Kinetoplastida order, Trypanosomatidae family, and transmitted by phlebotomine species, causing tegumental and visceral injuries (ROSA, 2009). In the parasitic life cycle, promastigotes are found in the vector and amastigotes are found in the infected host tissues (BANETH, 2006). Leishmaniasis is typical of rural and peri-urban environments. Domestic and wild mammals can be infected; humans are considered accidental hosts of the protozoa (CURI et al., 2006).The dog (Canis familiaris) has an active role in the transmission of the disease as an asymptomatic reservoir that is closely related to humans and an infection source to phlebotomine vectors (COURTENAY et al., 2002).American visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, and is a serious public health problem in Brazil owing to the wide geographical distribution v. 24, n. 4, out.-dez. 2015 465 Leishmania spp. in cats of the disease, high incidence, and the ability to lead to a severe clinical form that ...

“…In the State of Minas Gerais, antibodies against Leishmania sp. have been detected in hoary zorros (Lycalopex vetulus) (Luppi et al 2008), crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) (Curi et al 2006, Luppi et al 2008) and maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) (Curi et al 2006, Luppi et al 2008, Curi et al 2012. In São Paulo State, in addition to the bush dog and maned wolf, Leishmania spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction in wild mammals

et al. 2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(12):1243-1246, dezembro 2014 1243 RESUMO.-[Diagnóstico de infecção por Leishmania infantum pela reação em cadeia da polimerase em mamíferos silvestres.] A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença infecciosa crônica de mamíferos causada, no Brasil, pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum (sinonímia: Leishmania chagasi) e transmitida pelo flebótomo Lutzomyia longipalpis. Trata-se de uma zoonose endêmica em muitas regiões do Brasil, inclusive em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Em centros urbanos, leishmaniose visceral acomete principalmente o cão doméstico. Entretanto, L. infantum já foi diagnosticada em outras espécies, incluindo canídeos e primatas de cativeiro em zoológicos. Este estudo buscou avaliar a presença do DNA deste agente em animais de cativeiro e de vida livre da Fundação Zoobotânica de Belo Horizonte através da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Foram analisadas oitenta e uma amostras de sangue oriundas de primatas, carnívoros, ruminantes, edentatos, marsupial e herbívoro de estômago simples. Três primatas Alouatta guariba (bugio marrom) e dois canídeos Speothos venaticus (cachorro--do-mato-vinagre), foram positivos, demonstrando a importância do controle da leishmaniose em áreas endêmicas com a finalidade de conservar a fauna silvestre mantida em cativeiro.