A genotyping study of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 drug resistance in a small Brazilian municipality

Eyer-Silva, Walter de Araújo; Morgado, Mariza G.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762005000800008

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This information fills a gap about the level F/28B -L10I, A71T L210W -AZT, d4T --FJ594182 MSM/2007 M/26/B -Q58E, I85V --TPV --FJ594183 MSM/2008 M/31/B M46I, L90M L33I --FPV, of primary resistance in this geographic region of the country and contrasts with mostly lower levels of resistance reported in other areas. 23,2,[24][25][26][27][28][29] Brazil is a continental country where recent reports from the northeast and southeast regions have shown very high levels of primary drug resistance. 30,31 These studies together with ours indicate Brazilian areas with higher prevalence rates of primary drug resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 pol phylogenetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment naïve patients from Central West Brazil

Cardoso

Queiroz²,

Stefani

2009

Journal of Clinical Virology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 pol phylogenetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment naïve patients from Central West Brazil

Cardoso

Queiroz²,

Stefani

2009

Journal of Clinical Virology

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“…The samples were amplified for the gp120 C2-V3 region using a nested PCR protocol with ED5/ED12 and ED31/ED33 oligonucleotide sets respectively as outer and inner primers [15], generating a fragment of approximately 564 bp. Similarly, for the pol gene we amplified a 1 Kb fragment covering the protease (PR) and part of the reverse transcriptase (RT) using the outer DP10/LR54 and inner DP16/LR49 primer sets as previously described [16,17]. The samples were amplified in the thermocycler GeneAmp ® PCR System 9700 (Perkin Elmer - Norwalk, USA) using the following conditions: 3 cycles at 97°C for 1 minute, 55°C for 1 min, 72°C for 2 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, estimated HIV-1 incidence and viral diversity among people seeking voluntary counseling and testing services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2010

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BackgroundBED-EIA HIV-1 Incidence Test (BED-CEIA) has been described as a tool to discriminate recent (RS) from long-term (LTS) seroconversion of HIV-1 infection, contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic over time. This study determined the prevalence, estimated incidence and HIV-1 subtype infection among individuals seeking testing in Voluntary Counseling and Testing centers (VCTs) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsDemographics and behavioral data were obtained from 434 individuals, diagnosed as HIV-positive among 9,008 volunteers screened from November 2004 to October 2005 in three VCTs located in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan area, Brazil. BED-CEIA protocol was performed to identify RS. DNA samples from RS and a subset of LTS (under a proportion of 1:2) were selected for gp120 C2-V3 and pol (protease and reverse transcriptase) regions genomic sequencing.ResultsOverall HIV-1 prevalence was 4.8%. Sixty-one of 434 seropositive individuals were classified as RS, corresponding to an incidence rate of 1.68%/year (95%CI 1.26% -2.10%). Estimated incidence between Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) was 11 times higher than among heterosexual men and 55% of the new cases were identified in volunteers aged 25-40 years. A similar distribution of different HIV-1 subtypes was found among RS and LTS.ConclusionsOur data suggest that prevention for MSM remains a challenge and efforts focusing on prevention targeting this population should be prioritized. No significant changes in HIV-1 subtypes were observed among the RS and LTS subgroups. One case of HIV-1 AUK (pol)/A (env) recombinant genome was detected for the first time in Brazil.

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“…Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic reconstructions -After signed informed consent, blood samples were collected, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the sequence of a single fragment (around 1000 nucleotides) of HIV-1 polymerase gene encompassing the whole protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) amino acids 1-230 was generated using a previously described in-house protocol (Eyer-Silva & Morgado 2005). In spite of being a relatively conserved region of the HIV-1 genome, the polymerase gene has been shown to contain enough phylogenetic signal for subtyping analysis (Cornelissen et al 1997) and to allow studies of epidemiologic relationships between populations, groups and people (Hue et al 2004, Eyer-Silva & Morgado 2006.…”

Section: Patients Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autochthonous horizontal transmission of a CRF02_AG strain revealed by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 diversity survey in a small city in inner state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil

Eyer-Silva

Morgado

2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Key words: Brazil -CRF02_AG -human immunodeficiency virus type 1 -molecular epidemiology -transmission clustersThe extremely high genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been successfully used to study the regional and global distribution of different viral groups and subtypes (Hu et al. 1996) and makes it possible to trace patterns of viral spread between populations, groups and people (Kuiken et al. 2000). Phylogenetic analysis allows classification of HIV-1 strains into three groups: M, N and O. The M (main) group, the widest spread, has been further subdivided into at least nine subtypes (A-D, F-H, J, and K) and 32 circulating recombinant forms (CRF), whereas a high diversity of unique intersubtype recombinant forms has also been demonstrated (Leitner et al. 2005). In Brazil, molecular analyses of HIV-1 nucleotide sequences have shown an epidemic driven mainly by three group M subtypes: B, C, and subsubtype F1 (heretofore designated subtype F1), as well as a myriad of unique BF1 intersubtype recombinants (Morgado et al. 1998, Tanuri et al. 1999, Vicente et al. 2000, Soares et al. 2003. Isolated cases of other subtypes, such as subtype D (Morgado et al. 1998, CoutoFernandez et al. 2006), subtype A (Caride et al. 2000, CRF02_AG (Pires et al. 2004, Couto-Fernandez et al. 2005), CRF28_BF and CRF29_BF (De Sa Filho et al. 2006 have also been reported.Phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 nucleotide sequences are being increasingly used to better understand epidemiological patterns of viral spread. Such studies have proven to be invaluable to clarify the routes of viral transmission in community settings (Holmes et al. 1995, Brown et al. 1997, to establish (Ou et al. 1992, Blanchard et al. 1998 or rule out (Holmes et al. 1993, Jaffe et al. 1994) iatrogenic viral transmission, to study the pathways of viral spread among clusters of patients (Leitner et al. 1996, Robbins et al. 2002, to trace the geographic origin of recently introduced subtypes (Gao et al. 1996, Kato et al. 1999, Yu et al. 2001, CoutoFernandez et al. 2006, to infer the demographic history and date of origin of epidemic spread (Robbins et al. 2003, Bello et al. 2006, to investigate unusual forms of viral transmission (Goujon et al. 2000, Andreo et al. 2004, and has also found forensic applications (Albert et al. 1994, Banaschak et al. 2000, Metzker et al. 2002, Lemey et al. 2005. Phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 sequences have also been used to provide evidence of a high incidence molecular profile, as evidenced by multiple transmission clusters, low level of sequence diversity and signature amino acid substitutions (Liitsola et al. 1998, Oelrichs et al. 2000, Shankarappa et al. 2001, Nguyen et al. 2002, and of an old and mature epidemic pattern, given the high sequence diversity and the absence of transmission clusters (Vidal et al. 2000, Trask et al. 2002.It is known that the AIDS epidemic in Brazil is spreading from the large urban centers towards small cities and the innermost parts of the country (Szwarcwald et al. 20...

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A genotyping study of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 drug resistance in a small Brazilian municipality

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

HIV-1 pol phylogenetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment naïve patients from Central West Brazil

HIV-1 pol phylogenetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment naïve patients from Central West Brazil

Prevalence, estimated HIV-1 incidence and viral diversity among people seeking voluntary counseling and testing services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Autochthonous horizontal transmission of a CRF02_AG strain revealed by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 diversity survey in a small city in inner state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil

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