Severe anemia affects both splenectomized and non-splenectomized Plasmodium falciparum-infected Aotus infulatus monkeys

Carvalho, Lidiane dos Santos; Alves, Fábio; Oliveira, Salma Gomes de; Valle, Rodrigo del Rio do; Fernandes, André Almeida; Muniz, José Augusto Pereira Carneiro; Daniel-Ribeiro, Cláudio Tadeu

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762003000500016

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…É vasta a utilização dos animais do gênero Aotus como modelo nas pesquisas biomédicas, com registros de duas décadas de estudos envolvendo a isiologia da visão (BAER et al, 1994), bem como, há alguns anos, servindo de suporte para investigações relacionadas à malária (CARVALHO et al, 2003). No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a morfologia desses animais, o que resulta na escassa literatura a respeito de sua anatomia.…”

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“…Discordando do estudo realizado em cutias adultas, por Carvalho et al (1999), em que a artéria mesentérica caudal se bifurcou somente em artéria cólica esquerda e artéria retal cranial, sendo essa característica encontrada em Saimiri sciureus por Silva et al (2011), em que a origem da artéria mesentérica caudal foi mais cranial e de comprimento mais longo. O mesmo achado foi encontrado em dois Aotus azarae, porém na porção inicial da artéria retal cranial originou-se a artéria sigmoide.…”

Section: Constatamos Que O Animal 2 Possuía Duas Artériasunclassified

“…Entretanto esse achado foi diferente dos trabalhos realizados por Carvalho et al (1999) e Cook (1965, em gambás e ratos, respectivamente, em que a aorta abdominal terminou formando as artérias ilíacas comuns, resultando nas artérias ilíacas interna e externa e em seguida há a continuação da artéria ilíaca externa (CARVALHO et al, 1999).…”

Section: Constatamos Que O Animal 2 Possuía Duas Artériasunclassified

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Ramos da aorta abdominal de Aotus azarae infulatus

2016

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ResumoO gênero Aotus é encontrado na América do Sul, sendo conhecido como um animal de hábitos noturnos. A morfologia destes é pouco conhecida, mesmo sendo utilizados em pesquisas biomédicas. Assim, objetivouse identiicar os ramos colaterais da aorta abdominal de duas fêmeas e um macho de Aotus azarae infulatus, comumente conhecido como macaco-da-noite. Evidencializaram-se os vasos, que foram corados com látex Neoprene e contraste radiopaco. Os animais foram ixados com solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% por via intramuscular e intracavitária, dissecados e radiografados. Observou-se que a artéria celíaca se dividiu em três ramos subjacentes, artéria gástrica, hepática e esplênica. As artérias renais esquerdas e direitas se originaram de um tronco comum em dois animais (animal 1 e 2), enquanto a artéria adrenal em um dos animais derivou-se do tronco celíaco e da artéria renal (animal 2). Em um animal a artéria mesentérica caudal deu origem individual à artéria retal cranial, artéria sigmoide e artéria cólica esquerda (animal 3). Nos três animais a aorta abdominal, na porção inal do abdômen, se bifurcou, apresentando a artéria ilíaca externa e interna, de ambos os lados, e em seguida a artéria sacral mediana. Essas variações anatômicas precisam ser identiicadas e relatadas, já que a prática clínica e cirúrgica nesses indivíduos são frequentes para o veterinário. Palavras-chave: Morfologia; Primatas; Vascularização abdominal AbstractBranches of the abdominal aorta in Aotus azarae infulatus. The genus Aotus is found in South America and is known for its nocturnal habit. The morphology of the genus is poorly understood even though it is used in biomedical research. The objective of this study was to identify the collateral branches of the abdominal aorta of two females and one male Aotus azarae infulatus (commonly known as the night monkey). The vessels were observed and stained with Neoprene latex and radiopaque contrast. The animals were ixed in an aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde via intramuscular and intracavitary routes, dissected and radiographed. It was observed that the celiac artery was divided into three subjacent branches, the gastric, hepatic and splenic arteries. The left and right renal arteries originated from a common trunk in two animals (animals 1 and 2), while the adrenal artery in one of the animals was derived from the celiac trunk and renal artery (animal 2). In one animal the mesenteric artery low gave rise to individual cranial rectal, sigmoid and left colic arteries (animal 3). In the

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Ramos da aorta abdominal de Aotus azarae infulatus

2016

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“…The major lifethreatening malaria-related complications -cerebral malaria and severe anemia -have a strong immunological component in humans (Mackintosh et al 2004) as well as in experimental models (De Souza & Riley 2002, Carvalho et al 2003.The Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in CBA mouse is an established model of malaria with neurological involvement (the so-called experimental cerebral malaria), and infection with blood stage parasites leads to 100% lethality. The immune response in this model is not only ineffective against parasite growth but also responsible for the 60-90% incidence of cerebral malaria (CM), mainly characterized by strong Th1 T cell responses (Hunt & Grau 2003), macrophage hyperactivation (Carvalho et al 2000) and also CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity (Belnoue et al 2002).…”

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Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection induces thymocyte apoptosis and thymocyte depletion in CBA mice

Carvalho

Ferreira-da-Cruz

Daniel-Ribeiro

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Immune responses to malaria infections are characterized by strong T and B cell activation, which, in Key words: malaria -thymus -Plasmodium berghei -mice Malaria infections are characterized by defective immune responses, with poor efficacy and, in some cases, with the occurrence of immunopathology. The major lifethreatening malaria-related complications -cerebral malaria and severe anemia -have a strong immunological component in humans (Mackintosh et al. 2004) as well as in experimental models (De Souza & Riley 2002, Carvalho et al. 2003.The Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in CBA mouse is an established model of malaria with neurological involvement (the so-called experimental cerebral malaria), and infection with blood stage parasites leads to 100% lethality. The immune response in this model is not only ineffective against parasite growth but also responsible for the 60-90% incidence of cerebral malaria (CM), mainly characterized by strong Th1 T cell responses (Hunt & Grau 2003), macrophage hyperactivation (Carvalho et al. 2000) and also CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity (Belnoue et al. 2002). T lymphocytes are central in CM pathogenesis. Early thymectomized CBA mice become resistant to CM development (Grau et al. 1986). Treatment of adult mice with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies also abrogate CM development, depending on the moment they are administered -early in infection for anti-CD4 and late in the infection for anti-CD8 (Grau et al. 1986 al. 2002). CM seems to be mediated by cells bearing αβ T cell receptors (TCR), since mice lacking T cells of the αβ lineage (TCR αβ -/-), but not of the γδ lineage (TCR γδ -/-), were resistant to CM development (Boubou et al. 1999). In addition, these authors showed that expression of CM was associated with an increase in T cells bearing the Vβ8.1 and Vβ8.2 segments, and CM expression was reduced in mice rendered deficient in cells bearing these segments.Although all the events concerning the participation of T cells in CM physiopathogenesis are related to peripheral responses, events occurring in the thymus cannot be disregarded. Indeed, infection by other protozoan parasites can potentially affect thymic function and then modulate T cell responses. In Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Balb/c mouse, intense thymic atrophy is reported, with loss of double positive immature thymocytes and appearance of such immature cells in secondary lymphoid organs (Mendes-da-Cruz et al. 2003). In addition, lymphocytes carrying normally forbidden TCR Vβ families are also exported from the thymus. According to these authors such cells could play a role in the autoimmune responses commonly observed during T. cruzi infections. Therefore, infection can affect thymic function resulting in pathological consequences or altering the efficacy of the immune response. In malaria, the consequences of malaria infection on thymus structure and function have been overlooked, with few works on the subject (Krettli & Nussenzweig 1974). In the present work, we evaluated the sequential histologica...

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Renal Evaluation of Aotus azarai infulatus by Ultrasonography and Serum Chemistry Profile

Lins

Monteiro

Takeshita

et al. 2012

American J Primatol

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This study aimed to characterize anatomical and biochemical properties of owl monkey kidneys in order to provide normal reference values. Sixty-nine Aotus azarai infulatus (45 males and 24 females) were divided into four different age groups (AG1: 3 months-1 year; AG2: 2-3 years; AG3: 4-6 years; and AG4: over 7 years old). The monkeys were evaluated with a serum chemistry profile, focusing on serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and with ultrasound. Mean body mass differed among the age groups. This significance was attributed to AG1 body mass being significantly lower than in AG2 and that in both AG2 and AG3 being significantly lower than in the two older age groups (AG3 and AG4). SCr and BUN concentrations differed significantly between the sexes and SCr level correlated positively with age. In contrast, renal measurements did not differ between males and females. Left and right renal volumes did not differ significantly within age groups, or among AG2, AG3, and AG4. Renal volumes in AG1, however, while not differing from those in AG2, did differ significantly from those in AG3 and AG4. In conclusion, this study provides ultrasonographic reference values for the morphology the kidneys in A. a. infulatus. Evidence is also provided that SCr and BUN levels in owl monkeys are influenced by the sex and age of the individual, factors that should be considered when interpreting test results.

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Severe anemia affects both splenectomized and non-splenectomized Plasmodium falciparum-infected Aotus infulatus monkeys

Abstract: Severe anemia is the earliest and a frequently fatal complication of

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Ramos da aorta abdominal de Aotus azarae infulatus

Ramos da aorta abdominal de Aotus azarae infulatus

Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection induces thymocyte apoptosis and thymocyte depletion in CBA mice

Renal Evaluation of Aotus azarai infulatus by Ultrasonography and Serum Chemistry Profile

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