Ecological Aspects of Phebotomine (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an Endemic Area of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the Northeastern Argentina, 1993-1998

Abstract

The first epidemic tegumentary leishmaniasis´ outbreak in the province of Misiones was recorded in 1998, in the locality of Puerto Esperanza. Phlebotominae collected in the region, previously or simultaneously to the outbreak (September 1993-December 1998 showed that the species Lutzomyia intermedia s. l. was prevalent (94%, n 6,150) at all the sites sampled with miniature light trap (10) and

First visceral leishmaniasis focus in Argentina

“…longipalpis were captured. The relative abundance and sex ratio of the species found in Martires were consistent with other collections made in MI (Salomon et al 2002(Salomon et al , 2006. The highest captures were obtained in pigsties less than 20 m from the houses (80.0-98.8% of the sand flies).…”

Phlebotominae sand flies in Paraguay: abundance distribution in the Southeastern region

“…Phlebotomine species diversity and relative abundance were similar among the collections in Misiones and Itapúa, Paraguay, and those reported previously from the Argentinean side of the common border (Salomón et al 2002). In the latter, scarce captures of L. longipalpis were obtained (Salomón et al 2001b), while L. alphabetica and L. cortelezzii were collected after the cited report (unpublished data).…”

“…neivai seasonal abundance showed activity from August-September to April-March (spring to fall) with a single peak or a bimodal pattern. Consistently, phlebotomine populations usually showed the highest density peaks during the warm-humid months, and the lowest in the cold-dry season, both in Brazil and Argen- tina (Aguiar & Soucasaux 1984, Gomes & Galati 1987, Salomón et al 2002, although the density is not always correlated with the rainfall and the temperature (Condino et al 1998). The Bella Vista 2000-2001 peak may be due to the fact that sand flies were collected there during the winter of year 2000, captures not observed in other sites or years.…”

“…Phlebotomine abundance peaks were associated with rainfall peaks. The 1999-2001 peaks were also observed in the captures at the Argentinean equivalent sites, and it was attributed to favorable climatic conditions (Salomón et al 2001b(Salomón et al , 2002. Paraguay is a landlocked country ecologically divided in three main regions: (1) the densely wooded hills of the east and the Paraná river basin, with over 2,000 mm of rainfall per year; (2) the grassy plains, woody patches and marshes of the center and the Paraguay river basin, with 1600 mm of rainfall per year; (3) the dry forest and thorny scrub of the large arid region of the west (Chaco), with less than 800 mm of rainfall per year.…”

Association of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) population density with climate variables in Montes Claros, an area of American visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…For L. longipalpis, humid rainy periods have been described to favor the proliferation and survival of the species (Deane & Deane 1955). Increases in the population density of this species have been noted either during rainy months (Gomes et al 1980, Aguiar & Soucasaux 1984, Gomes & Galati 1987, Salómon et al 2002 or after the rainy period (Souza et al 2004). …”