The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine: a new century of malaria research

Riley, Eleanor M.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762000000700004

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The biotransformed product, mp 96-97°C of b-artemether (1) obtained in this study was characterized as a THFacetate derivative (2) (2) in the present study occurred with 57-60% efficiency, which was sufficiently higher in comparison to the synthetic route from artemisinin (37%), reported earlier [21]. The proposed biocatalytic mechanism of THF-acetate compound (2) is depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of Biotransformed Productsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The disease is caused by Plasmodium species that have now developed strong resistance to most of the traditional quinoline and anti-folate-based drug therapies [2,3]. Artemisinin-a sesquiterpene lactone with an endoperoxide bridge-and its semi-synthetic lactol (dihydroartemisinin), ether (b-artemether), or ester (sodium artesunate) derivatives are becoming increasingly popular as safe and effective components of alternative combination therapy against drug-resistant malaria [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our group is engaged in plant cell culture-based biotransformations of artemisinin and related molecules [20]. This paper summarizes the results of a study wherein the cell suspension cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Lavandula officinalis were successfully employed for the first time to biotransform b-artemether (1) into a tetrahydrofuran (THF)-acetate derivative (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn.) and Lavandula officinalis (L.) cell suspension cultures-based biotransformation of β-artemether

et al. 2011

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The biotransformation of β-artemether (1) by cell suspension cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Lavandula officinalis is reported here for the first time. The major biotransformed product appeared as a grayish-blue color spot on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with transparent crystal-like texture. Based on its infrared (IR) and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the product was characterized as a tetrahydrofuran (THF)-acetate derivative (2). The highest conversion efficiencies of 57 and 60% were obtained when 8-9-day-old cell suspensions of G. glabra and L. officinalis were respectively fed with 4-7 mg of compound 1 in 40 ml of medium per culture and the cells were harvested after 2-5 days of incubation. The addition of compound 1 at the beginning of the culture cycle caused severe growth depression in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in poor bioconversion efficiency of ~25% at 2-5 mg/culture dose only.

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Section: Characterization Of Biotransformed Productsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn.) and Lavandula officinalis (L.) cell suspension cultures-based biotransformation of β-artemether

et al. 2011

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“…Despite tremendous efforts for the control of malaria, the global morbidity and mortality has not principally changed over the last 50 years. 1 The key problem is the failure to get the existing, effective tools against malaria to be applied in those areas where they can be of most benefit. 2−4 If safe and effective antimalarial preparations could be produced by simple means from locally grown medicinal plants, such preparations may offer an additional tool for malaria control, especially in remote geographic locations, and in political and economic circumstances that preclude the availability of modern antimalarial drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic Study of Artemisinin After Oral Intake of a Traditional Preparation of Artemisia Annua L. (Annual Wormwood)

Räth

Taxis

Walz³

et al. 2004

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

121

104

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Artemisia annua L. (annual wormwood) contains the antimalarial artemisinin. Aqueous preparations of the dried herb are included in the pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China for treatment of fever and malaria. Fourteen healthy male volunteers received one liter of tea prepared from nine grams of Artemisia annua leaves. Blood samples were taken and artemisinin was detected by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The mean +/- SD maximum plasma concentration of artemisinin was 240 +/- 75 ng/mL and the mean +/- SD area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 336 +/- 71 ng/mL x hr. Artemisinin was absorbed faster from herbal tea preparations than from oral solid dosage forms, but bioavailability was similar. One liter of an aqueous preparation of nine grams of Artemisia annua contained 94.5 milligrams of artemisinin (approximately 19% of the usually recommended daily dose). Artemisinin plasma concentrations after intake of this herbal tea are sufficient for clinical effects, but insufficient to recommend such preparations as equivalent substitutes for modern artemisinin drugs in malaria therapy.

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“…Selama 100 tahun, dunia belum dapat memberikan kontribusi yang jelas terhadap pengobatan penyakit ini (Riley, 2000). European Commision (2002) mengatakan bahwa penyakit tersebut tidak hanya menyerang daerah tropis, tetapi juga menyerang daerah subtropis di seluruh dunia.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Antimalaria assay of fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia and activity of mice (Mus musculus) macrophage after infecting it with Plasmodium berghei

et al. 2005

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Abstract. Malaria is a world wide disease. Death resulting from the disease was caused by the parasite's resistance to the malaria drugs and the problem of immune system. The aims of the research were to know the effect of M. citrifolia fruit extract to Plasmodium berghei on total red blood cells of mice, and to know the effect of the extract on the number of intraperitoneal macrophage phagocytosing latex after infected by P. berghei. Three doses of fruit extract, 200, 150, 100 mg/kg BB were used in this study. Fansidar was used as positive control, while distilled water was used as negative control. The result of this research indicated that dose of 200 mg/kg BB could reduce number of parasitemia to 3.576%, dose of 150 mg/kg BB to 4.107%, and dose of 100 mg/kg BB to 13.331% on day 5, and could not reduce any number of parasitemia on the next day. Inhibition by Fansidar reached 0.201%, while distilled water did not show any inhibition activity. Different macrophage activity on phagocytosing latex was taken place. The average of macrophage activity on phagocytosing latex at dose of 200 mg/kg BB was 3.8x106 cell, at dose of 150 mg/kg BB was 2.53x106 cell/mL, while at dose 100 mg/kg BB was 1.5x106 cell/mL, and 2.43x106 cell/mL for the control. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the reduction of the number of parasitemia taken place at dose 200 and 150 mg/kg BB, although its activity is much lower than malaria drug of Fansidar. Macrophage activities increased at dose of 200 mg/kg BB.

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The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine: a new century of malaria research

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn.) and Lavandula officinalis (L.) cell suspension cultures-based biotransformation of β-artemether

Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn.) and Lavandula officinalis (L.) cell suspension cultures-based biotransformation of β-artemether

Pharmacokinetic Study of Artemisinin After Oral Intake of a Traditional Preparation of Artemisia Annua L. (Annual Wormwood)

Antimalaria assay of fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia and activity of mice (Mus musculus) macrophage after infecting it with Plasmodium berghei

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