Reliability of serological methods for detection of leishmaniasis in portuguese domestic and wild reservoirs

Semião-Santos, Saul J.; Abranches, P.; Silva-Pereira, M. C. D.; Santos‐Gomes, Gabriela; Fernandes, John; Vetter, J. C. M.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761996000600018

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the other hand, using the same cutoff point (1:320) adopted in our study for the DAT, Semião-Santos et al (1996) reported a prevalence rate of 60.0% (3/5) for foxes in Portugal, albeit with confirmation of infection by parasitological examination or isolation. It is noteworthy, therefore, that the use of high cutoff points decreases the sensitivity and enhancing specificity of the test, leading to a lower prevalence, but with an equally lower number of false-positive results (Sundar et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In addition, this cutoff point has also been used in several studies involving domestic and/or wild canids, which are the most frequently studied species (De Korte et al 1990, Semião-Santos et al 1995, 1996, Ozbel et al 2000, Mohebali et al 2005, Rajasekariah et al 2008, Mahmoudvand et al 2011, Sharifdini et al 2011, Moshfe et al 2012). …”

Section: Serological Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological Evidence of Infection byLeishmania (Leishmania) infantum(Synonym:Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi) in Free-Ranging Wild Mammals in a Nonendemic Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Paiz

Fornazari

Menozzi

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Concerns about the interface between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been growing due to natural or anthropogenic environmental changes. In this context, investigations of the infection in wild mammals are important to assess their exposure to the vector and the parasite. A study of anti-Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum antibodies was carried out using the direct agglutination test (DAT) on 528 free-ranging wild mammals of 38 species from the region of Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil, a municipality that has no records of the vector or of human or canine autochthony. Antibodies were detected, with a cutoff of 1:320, in 9/528 (1.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6-2.8%) mammals of the species Callithrix jacchus, Lepus europaeus, Sphiggurus villosus, Nasua nasua, Eira barbara, and Galictis cuja, with high titers (≥1280) for the last three. These three are little-studied species, and previous records of the detection of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in Brazil exist only for coatis (N. nasua), whereas worldwide, infection by L. (L.) infantum has been confirmed only in hares (Le. europaeus). On the other hand, opossums and canids, the species most commonly reported to be naturally infected by L. (L.) infantum, were not seropositive. Fifty-eight (58/528; 10.9%) mammals were found to have antibody titers ranging from 20 to 160 and were not included among the seropositive animals due to the adopted cutoff. However, the possibility of infection in these animals should not be discarded, because there is no standard cutoff point for the different wild species. Our findings indicate the need for investigations into the exact role of the seropositive species in the epidemiology of VL and for effective epidemiological surveillance to prevent its expansion, because even in regions where there are no records of canine or human autochthonous cases, there may be parasite circulation among wild mammals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Serological Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence of Infection byLeishmania (Leishmania) infantum(Synonym:Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi) in Free-Ranging Wild Mammals in a Nonendemic Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Paiz

Fornazari

Menozzi

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…For IFAT, detection of anti- Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was performed using L. infantum promastigotes (World Health Organization reference strain MHOM/TN/1980/IPT-1) as antigen and following the protocol recommended for canine leishmaniasis by the Office International des Epizooties [ 35 , 36 ]. For ELISA, 100 µL of L. longipalpis salivary gland homogenate diluted to 1 pair/mL or 100 µL of Leishmania antigen (SLA, 10 µg/mL) were used to coat plates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights Into the Transmissibility ofLeishmania infantumFrom Dogs to Sand Flies: Experimental Vector-Transmission Reveals Persistent Parasite Depots at Bite Sites

Hamide¹,

Oliveira

Meneses

et al. 2016

J Infect Dis.

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Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a chronic fatal disease of dogs and a major source of human infection through propagation of parasites in vectors. Here, we infected 8 beagles through multiple experimental vector transmissions with Leishmania infantum–infected Lutzomyia longipalpis. CanL clinical signs varied, although live parasites were recovered from all dog spleens. Splenic parasite burdens correlated positively with Leishmania-specific interleukin 10 levels, negatively with Leishmania-specific interferon γ and interleukin 2 levels, and negatively with Leishmania skin test reactivity. A key finding was parasite persistence for 6 months in lesions observed at the bite sites in all dogs. These recrudesced following a second transmission performed at a distal site. Notably, sand flies efficiently acquired parasites after feeding on lesions at the primary bite site. In this study, controlled vector transmissions identify a potentially unappreciated role for skin at infectious bite sites in dogs with CanL, providing a new perspective regarding the mechanism of Leishmania transmissibility to vector sand flies.

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“…In domestic animals, a number of studies revealed infection or evidence of infection in cats, equids, sheep and goats . Among wild animals, the red fox has been studied more than others and was found infected in various countries, with prevalence ranging from 0% to 74.6%, depending on the area and the method applied (PCR or serology) . Other carnivores that have been found infected are grey wolves, jackals, European wild cats, polecats, pine martens, stone martens, common genets, Iberian lynxes, Egyptian mongooses, European badgers, weasels and European minks .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania infection in rodents in Greece

Tsakmakidis

Angelopoulou

Dovas

et al. 2017

Tropical Med Int Health

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Reliability of serological methods for detection of leishmaniasis in portuguese domestic and wild reservoirs

Abstract: A direct agglutination test (DAT) and an immunofluorescence technique (IFAT) were compared for detection of

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Serological Evidence of Infection byLeishmania (Leishmania) infantum(Synonym:Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi) in Free-Ranging Wild Mammals in a Nonendemic Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Serological Evidence of Infection byLeishmania (Leishmania) infantum(Synonym:Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi) in Free-Ranging Wild Mammals in a Nonendemic Region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

New Insights Into the Transmissibility ofLeishmania infantumFrom Dogs to Sand Flies: Experimental Vector-Transmission Reveals Persistent Parasite Depots at Bite Sites

Leishmania infection in rodents in Greece

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