Intestinal parasites in AIDS and +HIV patients in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Seasonal profile and level of CD4+ lymphocytes in the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Brazil

“…It was lower than the values found for HIV/AIDS patients in the cities of Uberlândia (13%) 5 , São Paulo (12.1%) 8 , Santos (19.1%) 21 and Campinas (18%) 1 . In relation to Cystoisospora belli, the frequency (10.3%) was higher than that detected in São Paulo (5.7%) 8 or Ribeirão Preto (4.4%) 2 , similar to rates in Rio de Janeiro (10.1%) 19 and Santos (9.9%) 21 and only lower than that in Campinas (18%) 1 .…”

Some Aspects of Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: A Review

“…Cases of HIV-Leishmania co-infection have been reported in more than 25 countries, particularly those located at the margins of the Mediterranean Sea such as Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Greece and NorthAfrican countries, and, to a lesser extent, in Equatorial African, Asian and South American countries (Alvar 1994, Dedet et al 1995, Gradoni et al 1996, Borges et al 1999). More than 2,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis associated with HIV infection have been reported in European countries alone, a fact due to the simultaneous dissemination of both diseases and the overlapping geographic distribution of the two infections as the result of the urbanization of leishmaniasis and the ruralization of Aids (WHO 1995, Ferreira 1996, Rabelo et al 1998. In Brazil, about 80 cases of HIV-Leishmania co-infection have been documented, most of them with the mucocutaneous form of the disease and few cases with the visceral form.…”

“…Two Brazilian studies, one carried out in Rio de Janeiro and the other in Uberlândia, MG, found rates of infection with this protozoan of 18.2 and 13%, respectively, considering that all individuals met the criteria for the diagnosis of Aids. Patients with other types of immunosuppression, such as congenital hypogammaglobulinemia, protein-calo-rie malnutrition, diabetes mellitus and hematological neoplasias, show a high predisposition to developing severe forms of cryptosporidiosis (Moura et al 1989, Costa-Cruz & Ferreira 1996, Pedersen et al 1996, Sorvillo et al 1998.…”

“…More recent techniques using fluorescent dyes such as acridine orange and auramine carbolfuchsin provided results comparable to those obtained with the staining methods described above for diarrheic feces, and are able to detect parasites even in formed feces. Immunoenzymatic techniques (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies have shown a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of oocysts in feces and contaminated water (Costa-Cruz et al 1996, Hoxie et al 1997, Guerrant 1997, Griffiths 1998. Serological tests for the detection of antibodies represent an alternative to parasitological methods for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.…”

Human Cryptosporidiosis and Drinking Water: Looking Beyond HIV

“…Patients with other types of immunosuppression, such as congenital hypogammaglobulinemia, protein-calorie malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, and hematological neoplasias, also show a high predisposition to developing severe forms of cryptosporidiosis (Moura et al 1989;Costa-Cruz and Ferreira 1996;Pedersen et al 1996;Sorvillo et al 1998). …”