Trypanosoma cruzi in the anal glands of urban opossums: I- isolation and experimental infections

Urdaneta‐Morales, Servio; Nironi, I

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761996000400002

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Besides, T. cruzi maintains an “invertebrate cycle” in the anal glands of opossums (Deane et al ., ), where intense replication of epimastigotes and differentiation to metacyclic trypomastigotes occur, being both forms infective to opossum and mice (Urdaneta‐Morales and Nironi, ). Together with the present results, these data challenge the paradigm that epimastigotes are non‐infective to mammal host, pointing to a more complex scenario (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently differentiated epimastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi are infective to the mammalian host

Kessler

Contreras

Marliére

et al. 2017

Molecular Microbiology

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Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, has a complex life cycle in which four distinct developmental forms alternate between the insect vector and the mammalian host. It is assumed that replicating epimastigotes present in the insect gut are not infective to mammalian host, a paradigm corroborated by the widely acknowledged fact that only this stage is susceptible to the complement system. In the present work, we establish a T. cruzi in vitro and in vivo epimastigogenesis model to analyze the biological aspects of recently differentiated epimastigotes (rdEpi). We show that both trypomastigote stages of T. cruzi (cell-derived and metacyclic) are able to transform into epimastigotes (processes termed primary and secondary epimastigogenesis, respectively) and that rdEpi have striking properties in comparison to long-term cultured epimastigotes: resistance to complement-mediated lysis and both in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (mouse) infectivity. Proteomics analysis of all T. cruzi stages reveled a cluster of proteins that were up-regulated only in rdEpi (including ABC transporters and ERO1), suggesting a role for them in rdEpi virulence. The present work introduces a new experimental model for the study of host-parasite interactions, showing that rdEpi can be infective to the mammalian host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently differentiated epimastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi are infective to the mammalian host

Kessler

Contreras

Marliére

et al. 2017

Molecular Microbiology

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“…Another remarkable result is the positive infection detected in the scent gland secretion of one D. marsupialis individual captured in the TN locality. Infective T. cruzi -forms present in scent glands might confer a vectorial role for D. marsupialis as parasite transmission to humans and dogs can occur through food or skin contaminated with scent gland secretions [54, 55] . This sample was genotyped as TcIa, a genotype with a strong association with domestic cycles and reported to be the second most frequent genotype in oral outbreaks in Colombia [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-epidemiological study of an endemic Chagas disease region in northern Colombia reveals the importance of Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), dogs and Didelphis marsupialis in Trypanosoma cruzi maintenance

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIn Colombia, Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata are the main domestic triatomine species known to transmit T. cruzi. However, there are multiple reports of T. cruzi transmission involving secondary vectors. In this work, we carried out an eco-epidemiological study on Margarita Island, located in the Caribbean region of Colombia, where Chagas disease is associated with non-domiciliated vectors.MethodsTo understand the transmission dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi in this area, we designed a comprehensive, multi-faceted study including the following: (i) entomological evaluation through a community-based insect-surveillance campaign, blood meal source determination and T. cruzi infection rate estimation in triatomine insects; (ii) serological determination of T. cruzi prevalence in children under 15 years old, as well as in domestic dogs and synanthropic mammals; (iii) evaluation of T. cruzi transmission capacity in dogs and Didelphis marsupialis, and (iv) genetic characterization of T. cruzi isolates targeting spliced-leader intergene region (SL-IR) genotypes.ResultsOut of the 124 triatomines collected, 94 % were Triatoma maculata, and 71.6 % of them were infected with T. cruzi. Blood-meal source analysis showed that T. maculata feeds on multiple hosts, including humans and domestic dogs. Serological analysis indicated 2 of 803 children were infected, representing a prevalence of 0.25 %. The prevalence in domestic dogs was 71.6 % (171/224). Domestic dogs might not be competent reservoir hosts, as inferred from negative T. cruzi xenodiagnosis and haemoculture tests. However, 61.5 % (8/13) of D. marsupialis, the most abundant synanthropic mammal captured, were T. cruzi-positive on xenodiagnosis and haemocultures.ConclusionsThis study reveals the role of peridomestic T. maculata and dogs in T. cruzi persistence in this region and presents evidence that D. marsupialis are a reservoir mediating peridomestic-zoonotic cycles. This picture reflects the complexity of the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi in an endemic area with non-domiciliated vectors where active human infection exists. There is an ongoing need to control peridomestic T. maculata populations and to implement continuous reservoir surveillance strategies with community participation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1100-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In infected mice, the gut is the primary site of parasite persistence in the BALB/c model of chronic Chagas disease and is associated with a perturbation in the gut microbiome [218,219]. In opossums (Didelphis marsupialis), one of the multiple wild reservoirs of T. cruzi, the developmental cycle that usually occurs in the intestine of the triatomine vector can take place in the anal odoriferous glands [220]. In human feces, to our knowledge, no information is currently published.…”

Section: Fecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sereno

Akhoundi

Sayehmri

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Unicellular eukaryotes of the Trypanosomatidae family include human and animal pathogens that belong to the Trypanosoma and Leishmania genera. Diagnosis of the diseases they cause requires the sampling of body fluids (e.g., blood, lymph, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid) or organ biopsies (e.g., bone marrow, spleen), which are mostly obtained through invasive methods. Body fluids or appendages can be alternatives to these invasive biopsies but appropriateness remains poorly studied. To further address this question, we perform a systematic review on clues evidencing the presence of parasites, genetic material, antibodies, and antigens in body secretions, appendages, or the organs or proximal tissues that produce these materials. Paper selection was based on searches in PubMed, Web of Science, WorldWideScience, SciELO, Embase, and Google. The information of each selected article (n = 333) was classified into different sections and data were extracted from 77 papers. The presence of Trypanosomatidae parasites has been tracked in most of organs or proximal tissues that produce body secretions or appendages, in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. The meta-analysis highlights the paucity of studies on human African trypanosomiasis and an absence on animal trypanosomiasis. Among the collected data high heterogeneity in terms of the I 2 statistic (100%) is recorded. A high positivity is recorded for antibody and genetic material detection in urine of patients and dogs suffering leishmaniasis, and of antigens for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Data on conjunctival swabs can be analyzed with molecular methods solely for dogs suffering canine visceral leishmaniasis. Saliva and hair/bristles showed a pretty good positivity that support their potential to be used for leishmaniasis diagnosis. In conclusion, our study pinpoints significant gaps that need to be filled in order to properly address the interest of body secretion and hair or bristles for the diagnosis of infections caused by Leishmania and by other Trypanosomatidae parasites.

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Trypanosoma cruzi in the anal glands of urban opossums: I- isolation and experimental infections

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Recently differentiated epimastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi are infective to the mammalian host

Recently differentiated epimastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi are infective to the mammalian host

Eco-epidemiological study of an endemic Chagas disease region in northern Colombia reveals the importance of Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), dogs and Didelphis marsupialis in Trypanosoma cruzi maintenance

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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