The epidemiology of malaria in Prábis, Guinea-Bissau

Gonçalves, Aldina; Ferrinho, Paulo; Dias, Francisco

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761996000100002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In keeping with this, an active case detection cohort demonstrated no agedependence of malarial disease and a maximal parasite prevalence of only 25% in 4 year olds . Variations in malaria transmission have been described elsewhere (Cattani et al 1986;Goncalves et al 1996;Browne et al 2000;Clarke et al 2002) and, in Kilombero, are likely to be due to a combination of differentials in vector breeding site densities, access to curative treatment from health facilities and shops and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (Drakeley et al 2003). However, in recent years we observed that the pattern of malaria transmission within the ISA itself was changing.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

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The changing epidemiology of malaria in Ifakara Town, southern Tanzania

Schellenberg

Menéndez

Aponte

et al. 2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryBetween 1995 and 2000 there were marked changes in the epidemiology of malaria in Ifakara, southern Tanzania. We documented these changes using parasitological and clinical data from a series of community-and hospital-based studies involving children up to the age of 5 years. There was a right shift and lowering in the age-specific parasite prevalence in the community-based cohort studies. The incidence of clinical malaria in placebo-receiving infants in additional study cohorts dropped from 0.8 in 1995 to 0.43 episodes per infant per year in 2000, an incidence rate ratio of 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.404, 0.70, P < 0.0001). At the same time, there was an increase in the total number of malaria admissions and a marked right shift in the age pattern of these admissions (median age in 1995 1.55 years vs. 2.33 in 2000, P < 0.0001). However, the burden of malaria deaths remained in infants. We discuss how these dramatic changes in the epidemiology of malaria may have arisen from the use of currently available malaria control tools. Caution is required in the interpretation of hospital-based data as it is likely to underestimate the impact of anaemia on mortality in the community, where most paediatric deaths occur. Even in low/moderate malaria transmission settings, where older children suffer most malaria episodes, targeting effective malaria control at infants may produce important reductions in infant mortality caused by malaria.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Variations in malaria transmission have been described elsewhere (Cattani et al. 1986; Goncalves et al. 1996; Browne et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing epidemiology of malaria in Ifakara Town, southern Tanzania

Schellenberg

Menéndez

Aponte

et al. 2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…The country has been considered as mesoendemic-to-holoendemic with intense and seasonal transmission during the rainy season. 23,24 Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles melas are the main malaria vectors in the area. 25 Sampling took place at the end of the rainy season in 2 consecutive years, 1995 (October) and 1996 (November).…”

Section: Study Area and Sample Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Mixed Plasmodium Species and Plasmodium Falciparum Genotypes

Arez

Pinto²,

Pålsson

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We studied malaria transmission by comparing parasite populations in humans and mosquito vectors at the household level. Blood samples were collected from all inhabitants for microscopic detection of gametocytes and polymerase chain reaction analysis. The next morning, blood-fed resting mosquitoes were collected inside the bed nets used by the individuals surveyed the previous afternoon. After 8 days of maintenance, mosquitoes were dissected, and midguts and salivary glands were recovered for polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results showed that parasite distribution was the same in the 2 hosts when compared at each household but was different when whole populations were analyzed. Different associations of Plasmodium species seem to occur in humans (Plasmodium falciparum/ Plasmodium malariae) and mosquitoes (P. falciparum/Plasmodium ovale). Regarding P. falciparum infections, a higher proportion of single-genotype infections and less allele diversity are observed in mosquitoes than in humans.

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“…In the Cacheu region in the north-western part of the country a study found parasite rates in children aged 2 to 9 years of 44 % -79 %, suggesting malaria to be mesoendemic to hyperendemic (85). In a village just outside Bissau the level of endemicity varied from hypo-to holoendemic with closeness to rice fields being one of the important determinants for parasitaemia (60).…”

Section: Malaria Endemicitymentioning

confidence: 99%