Recent advances in immunity to human schistosomiasis

Hagan, Paul; Abath, Fredterico G. C.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761992000800013

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Human infection with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni is well known to correlate with a progressive increase of serum IgE levels [5] . S. mansoni infection usually peaks in early adolescence and declines in adulthood, a pattern that suggests that individuals in endemic areas can gradually acquire an age-related resistance to reinfection [6] , [7] . Progressive acquisition of anti-schistosome immunity coincides with natural death of worms (averaging 10–15 years of life), an event during which the parasites release and expose previously inaccessible antigens to the immune system [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Humanised Rat Basophilic Leukaemia Cell Line RS-ATL8 for the Assessment of Allergenicity of Schistosoma mansoni Proteins

et al. 2014

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BackgroundParasite-specific IgE is thought to correlate with protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection or re-infection. Only a few molecular targets of the IgE response in S. mansoni infection have been characterised. A better insight into the basic mechanisms of anti-parasite immunity could be gained from a genome-wide characterisation of such S. mansoni allergens. This would have repercussions on our understanding of allergy and the development of safe and efficacious vaccinations against helminthic parasites.Methodology/Principal FindingsA complete medium- to high-throughput amenable workflow, including important quality controls, is described, which enables the rapid translation of S. mansoni proteins using wheat germ lysate and subsequent assessment of potential allergenicity with a humanised Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) reporter cell line. Cell-free translation is completed within 90 minutes, generating sufficient amounts of parasitic protein for rapid screening of allergenicity without any need for purification. Antigenic integrity is demonstrated using Western Blotting. After overnight incubation with infected individuals' serum, the RS-ATL8 reporter cell line is challenged with the complete wheat germ translation mixture and Luciferase activity measured, reporting cellular activation by the suspected allergen. The suitability of this system for characterization of novel S. mansoni allergens is demonstrated using well characterised plant and parasitic allergens such as Par j 2, SmTAL-1 and the IgE binding factor IPSE/alpha-1, expressed in wheat germ lysates and/or E. coli. SmTAL-1, but not SmTAL2 (used as a negative control), was able to activate the basophil reporter cell line.Conclusion/SignificanceThis method offers an accessible way for assessment of potential allergenicity of anti-helminthic vaccine candidates and is suitable for medium- to high-throughput studies using infected individual sera. It is also suitable for the study of the basis of allergenicity of helminthic proteins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Humanised Rat Basophilic Leukaemia Cell Line RS-ATL8 for the Assessment of Allergenicity of Schistosoma mansoni Proteins

et al. 2014

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“…Immunological studies of subjects from areas of endemicity have demonstrated a naturally occurring resistance to reinfection (4, 19, 22-25, 27, 28). Both high levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in sera and gamma interferon (IFN-␥) in antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures were associated with resistance to reinfection (1,22,24,25,27,28,56,57). These data suggest the participation of immunological mechanisms in human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection, with mixed cellular and humoral responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human Immune Responses toSchistosoma mansoniVaccine Candidate Antigens

et al. 2000

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To determine the naturally occurring immunological responses to the Schistosoma mansoni antigens paramyosin, IrV-5, Sm-23 (MAP-3), and triose phosphate isomerase (MAP-4), a total of 119 subjects from an area of endemicity for schistosomiasis, including "resistant" subjects (n ‫؍‬ 17) were evaluated. Specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgA levels for each of the antigens and the cytokine profile in culture supernatants from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined. Although all the subjects had a high degree of contaminated water exposure, their infection levels were variable (0 to 1,128 eggs/g of stool). There were direct correlations between infection levels and levels of SWAP-and paramyosin-specific IgG1 and IgG4 (P < 0.05). However, an inverse correlation between infection levels and specific IgG2 to IrV-5 (P < 0.01) was observed. The evaluation of the cytokine profile (interleukin 5 [IL-5], IL-10, gamma interferon [IFN-␥], and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in response to these antigens showed inverse correlations between the degree of infection and IFN-␥ levels in PBMC supernatants stimulated with paramyosin (P < 0.05) and IrV-5 (P < 0.01). Additionally, inverse correlations between the degree of infection and IL-5 levels in MAP-3-and MAP-4-stimulated PBMC supernatants (P < 0.01) were found. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust the results of cytokine profile by age. IL-5 production in MAP-3-stimulated PBMC supernatants was associated with lower infection levels (odds ratio ‫؍‬ 11.2 [95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 45.8]).Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic infection that affects 200 million people in Africa, South America, and Asia (35). Although treatment of infected people with schistosomicidal drugs has in part controlled the morbidity of the disease, transmission is largely unaltered (3,5,24). The possibility of a schistosomiasis vaccine as an additional measure to control the disease arose from the fact that the parasite does not multiply in human beings and that reduction of infection levels by schistosomicidal drugs reduces the prevalence of severe forms of the disease. Moreover, in experimental models, partial immunity can be induced by vaccination with irradiated cercariae or specific antigens (2,11,14,26,36,37,58,59). Immunological studies of subjects from areas of endemicity have demonstrated a naturally occurring resistance to reinfection (4, 19, 22-25, 27, 28). Both high levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in sera and gamma interferon (IFN-␥) in antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures were associated with resistance to reinfection (1,22,24,25,27,28,56,57). These data suggest the participation of immunological mechanisms in human resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection, with mixed cellular and humoral responses.Several S. mansoni antigens have been identified and tested in experimental models, with the induction of variable levels of protection against infection (11,32,49,59,61,(68)...

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“…4 shows the different response of specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies in a hypersensitive patient after starting a fish‐free diet and clearly demonstrates that IgG4 antibodies sharply dropped after antigen avoidance, while specific IgE remained elevated for at least 6 months and probably longer. This fact has been described in other parasitoses ( 18–24) and could perhaps be used to measure recent contacts with the parasite and in clinical follow‐up of the patients during elimination diets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Laboratory diagnosis of hypersensitivity to Anisakis simplex: a review

Moneo¹,

Curiel²,

Corrés³

et al. 2000

Allergy

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Laboratory diagnosis of hypersensitivity to Anisakis simplex: a review Patients suffering anaphylactic reactions after parasitized ®sh consumption have been reported in Spain in recent years. This reaction is different from the wellknown acute or chronic anisakiasis and causes intolerance to parasitized ®sh ingestion, even after appropriate cooking. High speci®c IgE values are usually found in these subjects. IgE immunoblotting is now needed to con®rm the presence of speci®c IgE directed to several parasite antigens in order to exclude cross-reactions. Positive speci®c IgG4 by immunoblotting was found in 60% of the patients, as well as in patients with anisakiasis, and probably re¯ected recent contact with the parasite proteins. The most speci®c response of IgE antibodies was directed to low-molecular-mass antigens of the parasite. Therefore, recombinant or puri®ed antigens for in vivo and in vitro use will in future overcome some of the problems found in the diagnosis of sensitized patients.

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Recent advances in immunity to human schistosomiasis

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Use of Humanised Rat Basophilic Leukaemia Cell Line RS-ATL8 for the Assessment of Allergenicity of Schistosoma mansoni Proteins

Use of Humanised Rat Basophilic Leukaemia Cell Line RS-ATL8 for the Assessment of Allergenicity of Schistosoma mansoni Proteins

Human Immune Responses toSchistosoma mansoniVaccine Candidate Antigens

Laboratory diagnosis of hypersensitivity to Anisakis simplex: a review

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