Four new species of Pleurosigma are described from the region of Alexandria in Egypt: P. williamsii sp. nov., P. mariutensis sp. nov., P. ramlehensis sp. nov. and P. rushdyensis sp. nov. The taxa had been previously misidentified as P. rigidum W. Sm., P. elongatum W. Sm., P. speciosum var. sumatricum H. Perag. and P. formosum W. Sm., respectively. Due to the close resemblance of P. williamsii, P. mariutensis, P. ramlehensis and P. rushdyensis to P. rigidum, P. elongatum, P. speciosum var. sumatricum and P. formosum and the lack of good illustrations of these previously described species, their valvar features are shown and discussed in relation to the new taxa. Figures 37-41. Pleurosigma speciosum type material. Fig. 37. LM of the valve. Scale bar = 10 mm. Fig. 38. LM of central area. Scale bar = 10 mm. Fig. 39. SEM showing internal view of central area. Scale bar = 5 mm. Fig. 40. SEM showing internal view of apex. Scale bar = 5 mm. Fig. 41. LM of apex. Scale bar = 10 mm.Pleurosigma ramlehensis is a larger species than P. speciosum var. javanicum and a slightly smaller species than P. speciosum. The striae densities are also different, not matching either P. speciosum or P. speciosum var. javanicum. The central area in NEW SPECIES OF PLEUROSIGMA 87 42 43 44 45 46 Figures 42-46. Pleurosigma speciosum var. javanicum type material. Scale bars = 10 mm. Figs 42-44. LM of the valves. Fig. 45. LM of valve apex. Fig. 46. LM of central area. NEW SPECIES OF PLEUROSIGMA 89 54 55 56 57 58 Figures 54-58. Pleurosigma formosum type material. Fig. 54. LM of valve. Scale bar = 10 mm. Fig. 55. LM of internal central area. Scale bar = 10 mm. Fig. 56. SEM of internal view of central area. Scale bar = 5 mm. Fig. 57. LM of valve apex. Scale bar = 10 mm. Fig. 58. SEM showing internal view of valve apex. Scale bar = 5 mm.