Estudos etnoictiológicos sobre o pirarucu Arapaima gigas na Amazônia Central

Abstract

ResumoO presente estudo visou identificar saberes comuns entre o conhecimento científico e o conhecimento local sobre a ecologia e biologia do pirarucu (Arapaima gigas), contribuindo com informações úteis para a implementação e consolidação de projetos de manejo participativo pesqueiro na região. Foram realizadas 57 entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com pescadores profissionais de Manaus e pescadores de subsistência de Manacapuru durante o período de junho a dezembro do ano de 2002. Foi observado que os pescadores profissionais possuem informações igualmente precisas e abrangentes em relação aos saberes dos pescadores ribeirinhos de subsistência nos aspectos de reprodução, predação, migração, crescimento e mortalidade. Os aspectos que não são equivalentes entre os pescadores profissionais comerciais citadinos e ribeirinhos de subsistência são nos aspectos de tipo de alimentação e no tamanho de recrutamento pesqueiro. Concluímos que os pescadores da Amazônia central possuem os conhecimentos necessários que possibilitam o manejo participativo do pirarucu, como um profundo saber nos aspectos comportamentais, biológicos e ecológicos desta espécie, podendo assim contribuir de fato com a participação de gestão nos recursos pesqueiros locais. PalavRas-chave: Etnobiologia, pesca artesanal, pesca profissional, manejo participativo. Ethnoictiology studies on Pirarucu (Arapaima mock-ups) in Central AmazonabstRact Present study it aimed at to identify to know common between scientific knowledge and local knowledge on ecology and biology of pirarucu (Arapaima mock-ups), contributing with useful information for implementation and consolidation of projects of participative handling fishing boat in region. 57 half-structuralized interviews had been carried through, with fishing of Manaus and Manacapuru during period of June to December of year 2002. It was observed that professional fishermen also have accurate and comprehensive information in relation to knowledge of subsistence fishermen in coastal aspects of reproduction, predation, migration, growth and mortality. Aspects that are not equivalent among commercial fishermen and coastal urban dwellers are subsistence aspects of type of power and size of fishing recruitment. We conclude that fishermen of central Amazonia have necessary knowledge that allow participatory management of bass, and a deep knowledge in behavioral, biological and ecological processes of this kind, so you can actually contribute to the participation of management in local fisheries.

Conhecimento dos pescadores artesanais sobre a composição da dieta dos pacus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) na Floresta Nacional do Amapá, rio Araguari, Amapá, Brasil

“…No Amazonas, estudos etnoecológicos sobre regime alimentar de várias espécies de peixes no Baixo Juruá (PORTO BRAGA; REBÊLO, 2014), no lago Janauacá (BATISTELLA et al, 2005) e em Manacapuru (REBELO et al, 2010;BATISTA, 2012) têm demonstrado que pescadores possuem um extenso conhecimento, relacionado, inclusive, com o ciclo hidrológico. Os pescadores acompanham cotidianamente as modiicações do ambiente, e a percepção espaço-temporal possibilita-lhes conhecer as diferenças na composição da dieta.…”

Amazon commercial fishing dynamics: a space macroscale analysis on fishing variables

“…The importance of the rivers for the fisheries in upper stretch of the Solimões River was evidenced in this study with the high values of frequency of fishing, catch and CPUE in these environments in the period of high water season. The high utilization of this environment occurs mainly due to the capture of catfish (fish of the order Siluriformes), which are destined for export and have a high proportion of landings at the extremity of the Solimões -Amazonas River channel (Cruz, 2007;Batista et al, 2012). In addition, in the region of Benjamin Constant the riverside communities are located mainly on the banks of the Solimões River facilitating the fisheries in this environment (Fronteiras, 2018).…”

“…The Amazonian fishers have a high knowledge of these environmental patterns and its interaction with the fish biology (Freitas et al, 2002;Batistella et al, 2005;Lima & Batista, 2012;Doria et al, 2014) and develop their fisheries toward target species, knowing its preferential habitat and the most profitable fishing gear (Freitas et al 2002;Batista et al, 2004;Batista & Petrere, 2007). Analysis of the spatial dynamic of commercial fisheries based on fisher's knowledge could be essential to build public policies associated with the resource exploitation and use of the fishing territories, mainly in inland small-scale fisheries (Furtado, 2002;Begossi, 2004;Erisman et al, 2012).…”

Closed fishing season law a positive instrument to minimize illegal fishing of the remaining stock of Arapaima sp. In the Brazilian Amazon

“…The pirarucu's meat, extracted in fisheries in the form of butterfly fillet, is considered a high quality meat (PEDROZA FILHO et al, 2016), devoid of bones, it has a high nutritional level. Its meat exceeds the pilchard and salmon meat in protein values (LIMA et al, 2012) and is highly appreciated by the consumer (MURRIETA, 2001;SANTOS et al, 2015). Also, its skin can be used in the manufacturing of shoes, bags and clothing, and its scales and tongue are used in the manufacturing of utensils and ornaments, which adds socioeconomic and cultural value to this species that is endemic to the Amazon region (WWF, 2011).…”