Abstract. Freshwater ecosystems are essential to human societies. However, many anthropogenic activities have been constantly modifying these ecosystems. Such modifications can be detected and measured with the use of environmental bioindicators. This work aims to identify the effect of physical integrity of streams, riparian vegetation coverage and physical and physicochemical variables on fish and Heteroptera faunas of streams, identifying which group is a better indicator of environmental disturbance. Predictor variables were sorted into three matrices: (1) physical and physicochemical parameters of the streams, (2) environmental variables and (3) structural variables of riparian vegetation. We tested the effects of physical and physicochemical descriptors on species richness and abundance through multiple linear regressions. The effects of environmental and structural variables of the riparian vegetation were tested using ridge regressions. Physical and physicochemical variables had no effect on Heteroptera and fish communities. Environmental variables showed effect only on the community of Heteroptera. Ichthyic assemblages were not influenced by any environmental variables. Selected structural variables had no relation with the Heteroptera assemblages, neither with fish community. Therefore, we conclude that, in small Amazonian streams, Heteroptera is more sensitive to human impacts than fish. This sensibility is demonstrated by the negative relation between Heteroptera fauna and the canopy opening over the river and positively related to environment integrity. These associations were not found for icthyofauna.