Emergência de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em chão de floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Central do Brasil: uso de um modelo modificado de armadilha de emergência

Abstract

RESUMOInformações acerca de potenciais criadouros naturais de flebotomíneos sempre foram de fundamental interesse epidemiológico. Contudo, são poucas as informações advindas dos diversos estudos realizados até o momento. Isto se deve principalmente às dificuldades de localização e extração dos imaturos que se desenvolvem no solo e matéria orgânica do chão de florestas. No presente estudo o modelo modificado de armadilha de emergência foi testado na Vila do Pitinga, município de Presidente Figueiredo, Estado do Amazonas, a fim de localizar potenciais criadouros naturais. Vinte e sete indivíduos de nove espécies (Lutzomyia. georgii e L. saulensis) foram coletados. Lutzomyia umbratilis foi a espécie com maior número de indivíduos, 10, representando 37,1% do total. A produção de flebotomíneos foi estimada em 2,2 flebotomíneos por 100 m 2 por dia. Em setembro, mês com maior número de indivíduos, esta produção foi de 5,8. PALAVRAS-CHAVEFlebotomíneo, Lutzomyia, armadilha de emergência, criadouros naturais, Amazônia Central. Emergence of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidade) in nonflooded forest floor in Central Amazon

Larval habitats of sand flies in rural areas of southern Brazil

“…The mean of two sand flies collected per trap (AT) was similar to the results of Alencar (), who recorded an average of 2.08 sand flies per trap. The production in ATs was 0.8 sand flies/100 m 2 of soil per day, less than the production reported by Ellenwood and Rutledge (), Casanova (), and Alencar () of 24.4, 24, and 2.2, respectively. Among these authors, the trapping period in the same place ranged from 14 to 84 days.…”

“…Among these authors, the trapping period in the same place ranged from 14 to 84 days. According to Alencar (), if the traps are changed from one place to another more often, then the chances of catching adults will be higher. Even if the traps remain in the same place for less time, the covered area of soil will be larger.…”

“…Investigations of sand fly habitats have employed methods of directly searching for immature forms and indirectly searching for newly emerged adults in the Old and New Worlds (Forattini , Rutledge and Ellenwood , Arias and Freitas , Killick‐Kendrick , Mutinga et al Casanova , Alencar , Singh et al Alencar et al Moncaz et al , Parras et al Sangiorgi et al …”

Larval Breeding Sites of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Urban Areas in Southeastern Brazil

“…In emergence traps set near pigsty microhabitats Ferro et al (1997) estimated a density of 4.96 L. longipalpis per m 2 sampled [26]. Considering other sand fly species, Rutledge & Ellenwood (1975) in Panama, and Arias & Freitas (1982), Casanova (2001) and Alencar (2007) in Brazil, estimated from the total of sand flies species captured in the litter of the forest floor, a production of 24.4, 4.1, 24.0 and 5.8 sand flies per 100 m 2 per day, respectively [29], [33], [35], [36]. Notably, the 34 L. longipalpis collected in one emergence trap with 20.32 cm of diameter (0.032 m 2 ), set in a chicken shed in Promissão, corresponded to a density of 1,062.5 sand flies per m 2 .…”

Peridomiciliary Breeding Sites of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Endemic Area of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Brazil

“…15 Various studies on sand fly breeding sites focusing on the worldwide Leishmania transmission have been carried out using different techniques in areas with various levels of disturbance by human activity and in forest habitats. [16][17][18][19][20][21] However, in the Americas, there have been few studies on peridomiciliary breeding sites; many studies generally involve isolated collections of a few specimens. [22][23][24][25] In Brazil, Casanova 26 detected breeding sites of L. intermedia and L. whitmani in an ACL area, whereas Deane and Deane 27 identified various breeding sites of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an area of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission, by surveying both forested and peridomiciliary habitats.…”