Effects of medical therapy, alcohol, smoking, and endocrine disruptors on male infertility

Abstract

Infertility affects up to 15% of the sexually active population, and in 50% of cases, a male factor is involved, either as a primary problem or in combination with a problem in the female partner. Because many commonly encountered drugs and medications can have a detrimental effect on male fertility, the medical evaluation should include a discussion regarding the use of recreational and illicit drugs, medications, and other substances that may impair fertility. With the knowledge of which drugs and medications may be detrimental to fertility, it may be possible to modify medication regimens or convince a patient to modify habits to decrease adverse effects on fertility and improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy. Concern is growing that male sexual development and reproduction have changed for the worse over the past 30 to 50 years. Although some reports find no changes, others suggest that sperm counts appear to be decreasing and that the incidence of developmental abnormalities such as hypospadias and cryptorchidism appears to be increasing, as is the incidence of testicular cancer. These concerns center around the possibility that our environment is contaminated with chemicals--both natural and synthetic--that can interact with the endocrine system.

Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphism in men with idiopathic infertility

“…Infertility is a significant problem, affecting up to 15% of couples of reproductive age (Pasqualotto et al, 2004). Approximately 30% of men seeking treatment for their infertility present no demonstrable etiology and their condition remains idiopathic (Pasqualotto and Pasqualotto, 2006).…”

A análise seminal deve ser requisitada para homens com histórico de fertilidade prévia?

“…Outra condição que estabelece um declínio na capacidade reprodutiva masculina de maneira seja controversa na literatura atual 16,17 , existem inúmeros trabalhos demonstrando este efeito deletério do cigarro sobre a fertilidade masculina 14,15 . Uma meta-análise demonstra que pacientes fumantes apresentam um decréscimo médio de 10% na motilidade espermática, 13% na concentração espermática e 3% na morfologia espermática 22 .…”

“…Estudos demonstram que ele pode causar danos, como a diminuição no volume seminal até a fragmentação no DNA dos espermatozóides 14,15 . Além do cigarro, uma série de substâncias de exposição ocupacional têm sido consideradas deleté-rias para o sistema reprodutivo masculino, como pesticidas e agrotóxicos 16,17 .…”

Estimating the Semen Quality from Life Style Using Fuzzy Radial Basis Functions

“…In addition, besides physical and congenital anomalies, many other factors, such as using drugs, have a negative role in infertility. Pasqualotto et al [6] inhibitors, psychotherapeutic agents, antipsychotics, antidepressants, chemotherapeutic agents, hormones, anabolic steroids and antibiotics. Other factors that play a role in infertility are related to occupational [7], environmental and/or lifestyle, where the possibility of testicular injury is high [8].…”